SNIPPITS AND SNAPPITS

HOW MILITARY ROBOTS ARE CHANGING WAR

2012-01-30T00:08:00.000-08:00

FAULT LINES: ROBOT WARS

U.S. marine veteran JoshRushing explains how the 7,000 drones and 12,000 ground robots used by the U.S.military are changing warfare as we currently know it, with major implicationsfor the future of human rights.

WHY THEY LIE

2012-01-29T23:17:00.000-08:00

By Zen Gardner

Just Wondering

January 24, 2012

I don't think people really understand how nefarious lying is.These elites actually believe what they are telling us. They believe it is whatwe need to hear; therefore to them it is an enforceable truth.

The twisted mind of the psychopathic control freaks who slithertheir way into positions of power use lies not just as a cover up device,hiding truth from the rest of us. It is a thuggish, aggressive projection of animage or idea to forcefully keep us silent and subdued.

Why do you think they also have to drug our food, air and water?Same plan.

They're afraid of us.

WHAT'S CONTROLLINGTHEM?

Besides lust, envy, greed, arrogance, fear and insanity?

Lots.

You also have to wonder who's controlling them.

They answer to someone as well, that's when it really getsfreaky.

To imagine yourself in the world of one of these creeps ishorrific. This Clinton guy is said to have destroyed a large part of his nasalmechanics from snorting so much cocaine during his drug running years inArkansas, which he covered up via crooked underlings, bought off courts anddozens of murders.

Yeah. Welcome to American politics.

And he presided over two terms of destruction including thegovernment massacres at Waco and Oklahoma City. This creep still wanders theearth pretending to be someone of import, charging huge fees for speakingengagements as he scopes the areas for sex objects.

Not familiar with his history? Here, have a look at this. Maketime for it sometime:

WHAT IS LYING?

My point is that, lying is not a two-dimensional cover updevice. When it comes to our self-appointed rulers and handlers it's bruteforce being exerted on the human psyche with carefully delineated objectives.

And these people live whole lives that are massive lies,covering up untold weirdness and atrocities.

When you see the horrendous truth about some of these characterswho pretend to portray some caring father figure in the American White House itis truly dumbfounding. Never mind almost all of them being members of secretsocieties, most are known to participate in drugs, pedophelia and weird secretrituals ~ never mind their mass genocidal wars and covert operations.

Yes, it pushes you past the limit of credibility, and that'swhere they want you.

When the difference between what you're being told versuswhat you're seeing and sensing is so wide and seemingly unbridgeable, that'sthe place they want you to be.

And to stay.

COGNITIVEDISSONANCE

This term gets a lot of play but it's so essential in knowingand understanding how we're being tooled.

The term cognitive dissonance is used to describe the feeling ofdiscomfort that results from holding two conflicting beliefs. When there is adiscrepancy between beliefs and behaviors, something must change in order toeliminate or reduce the dissonance. Source

So while a lot of psychological factors are at play, even thoughwe're living in a war mongering, violence promoting, promiscuous,sensationalized fear and scarcity based atmosphere, you'd rather believe theirpromises that everything is fine and getting better just to get by and not rockthe boat.

Overload mind-screw mission accomplished.

Politicians are the perfect examples of cognitive dissonance.You're constantly hearing one thing while they do another. It's continuous sopeople don't just tolerate it, they expect it. And the more they do that themore illusion can be imposed.

And believe me, they are piling it on.

It will soon be illegalto question authority.

It's right around the corner.

You can bet that theseshelved censorship bills will reappear buried in some new, lying label like"The Patriot Act".

Oh how lying politicians put the"Moron" in Oxymoron.

THEY LIE TO KEEPYOU FROM KNOWING THEIR INTENTIONS

If they told you the truth you would freak out and theirmachines would stop. That's only gonna happen when they want the whole thing tocollapse. And sadly that's right around the corner.

People are getting it more and more, but the global awakeninghas the elites nervous. They have a plan, a very nasty one. The depopulationagenda has been exposed thoroughly, but never so chillingly as in the words ofslithery Zbigniew Brzezinski in one of his instructional talks following hisclearly articulated concern over the global political awakening:

“I once put it rather pungently, and I was flattered that theBritish Foreign Secretary repeated this, as follows… namely, in earliertimes, it was easier to control a million people, literally it was easier tocontrol a million people, than physically to kill a million people. Today, it is infinitely easier to kill amillion people than to control a million people. It is easier to kill, than tocontrol…” Source

"Infinitely easier to kill". Get themessage? That's the kind of freaks we're up against.

MIND CONTROL ANDMASS PSYCHOSIS

Lying is like a fundamental doctrine of a massive mind controlgame these elite scumbags are running. The distance between this huge liethey're passing off versus the real Truth of what's going on is one monstrousmass psychosis. It's not just politics. I'm just using these jerks as the mostobvious example to expose the technology of deceit. History, religion,anthropology, science, it's all been knee-capped, shredded and twisted to fit acertain need.

And don't take my word for it ~ find out for yourself or you'reperpetuating the helplessness and dependency that got us into this mess. I'mjust trying to stir you up while we still have time.

Know this:

All this lying crap on our windshield only controls you if youdon't wake up to it. Turn your wipers on.

It's like the skies today. How many think those are natural asthe chemtrails wisp their way across the blue?

Way too many!

We've been hazed, glazed and dazedand the majority doesn't even notice.

That's what we're up against.

Warning: when you do begin to grasp the enormity of the LIE it'snot very pleasant at first.

To realize virtually everything you've been told and taught isbullshit designed to keep you depressed, distracted and in the dark so you'llbe a content little slave ain't a happy realization.

But only at first.

DO YOU WANT THE TRUTH?

You have to decide, do Ireally want the truth? And by the way, as bad a mess as has been engineeredwith all this insanity called the perceived human societal condition, there arewonderful empowering truths that will propel you into worlds beyond yourdreams. I'm sure you know that.

But you have to snap outof the nightmare first.

That's the key. That hasto come first before you attempt to take action, or you'll just be a new partof the problem. It takes courage, but really, if you're even slightlyconscious, it's a no-brainer.

As C.S. Lewis famouslysaid:

“We all want progress,but if you're on the wrong road, progress means doing an about-turn and walkingback to the right road; in that case, the man who turns back soonest is themost progressive.”

Do the right thing.Everything else will take care of itself.

And it's not just foryou...it's for your family, loved ones, friends, neighbors, a world ofwonderful people, and an amazing Universe that awaits to know Itself throughyou.

It will anyway, it's allunder control.

But why not step into the"Eternerator" and realize the freedom, fulfillment and autonomy youalready have?

I know, cool.

Love, Zen

www.zengardner.com

SAVE THE PLANET: ORGANIZE, EDUCATE, ACT

2012-01-29T19:46:00.000-08:00

ByRobin Mathews

RADICALPRESS

January27, 2012

Don’t talk.

Act.

Don’t turn away … toother things.

We all ~ or most of us ~do that.

We won’t look painfultruth in the face.

We … can’t.

We turn away … almostforced to do so by our fears.

But, now, we have nochoice. Global heating is upon us, and will erase human life from theplanet ~ which will go on whirling through space without us. Good sciencestates that as fact. The subject, here, is the imminent destruction of humanlife on the planet.

Paleontologists arelooking at dinosaur footprints from 120 million years ago. Humankind hasbeen significant on the planet for (generously) 20,000 years. In that20,000 years humankind has raced forward … towards destruction.

As poetic theorists putit humankind has the moral development of just-beyond-apes and the scientificdevelopment of a superpeople. A murderous combination.

We just-beyond-ape peoplewant a pecking order, want a power hierarchy … perhaps need it. That doesn’thave to be wrong, if it’s balanced and restrained. But some are driven bygreed, animosity, lust, fear, and desire to dominate. They often succeedin dominating.

And then they work toundermine law, convention, justice, and fairness.

But not all are likethat. When the ones driven by greed, animosity, lust, fear, and a desire todominate reach the power apex, they go mad ~ as is the case now ~ insane.

Power tends to corrupt;absolute power corrupts absolutely. Absolute corruption loses all moralbase.

We others have to bedriven hard and long before being brought to resist in a way that changes thedominating reality.

But now we have nochoice. For global heating is upon us, and will erase human life from theplanet – which will go whirling through space without us. So we must actnow. People who have never been activists must become activists. Activists must lead the way. Words are not enough.

Deep down we all knowthat. Those who dominate ~ those who are mad ~ know that, too. They arethe 1%. They know….

They know they shouldmove in global cooperation to cut carbon emissions ~ even if it means cuttingso-called “standard of living” in all the developed world, at least. But theydon’t care. They are like the top officers of the Titanic dancing on theafterdeck with the wealthy passengers. Except OUR top officers have beenfully informed the ship is heading at full speed directly for the iceberg.

The 1% urge on themadness of others, like the madness of Stephen Harper, servant of the 1%, forinstance, who is ravaging the tar sands geography, is fighting to build insanepipelines which will speed up the destruction of the planet. Polluting massively.

At the same time, StephenHarper and his coterie deliberately undermine law, convention, justice, andfairness. To subvert democracy in Canada, Stephen Harper and members ofhis cabinet carefully form statements about the economy, the environment, foreignrelations, and policy intentions that are (primarily) falsehoods ~ as do hismajor media supporters in the Mainstream Press and Media.

[A few, very recentexamples:

(1) Cabinetminister Bev Oda, interviewed on CBC, Jan 25/12 spoke about the beneficial “partnering”of Mining Corporation Human Rights violators with CIDA/CIDA personnel.Beneficial? Another lie from Bev Oda?

(2) See Vanc.Sun’s Harvey Enchin’s large article on the Tar Sands/Bitumen carryingtankers/Gateway Pipeline, Jan 21/12/ p.C5. It is mostly ‘disinformation’ andhalf-lies, on behalf of the 1%. (

3) Whatare, in fact, lies are issued publicly by environment minister Peter Kent onthe Kyota Protocol, reported by Eliz May, National Post, Jan26/12. His statements are “designed to create a false impression”. Wecall statements designed to create a false impression “lies”.

(4) OnStephen Harper’s fraudulent position on Tar Sands and Pipelines: “Ourpolitical leaders are lying to us if they aid and abet the expansion oftarsands while promising to take action to prevent the imminent climatecatastrophe.” That’s Mark Jaccard saying ~ as I read him ~ that StephenHarper is deliberately lying. Of the single issue fight, against the pipelineonly: “… it’s like trying to prevent a fuel leak on the Titanic as it steamstowards the iceberg. We need to turn the ship.” Mark Jaccard, VancouverSun, A13, Jan 26/12]

The Stephen Harpercabinet works to lie and deceive, continuously, as cabinet policy, about themost important issues facing Canada and the world.

The lying has to be methead on ~ with action.

Now.

Words are not enough.

The 1% know the AirForces of the world should probably be flying dawn-to-dusk over the c nuclearplants pouring out liquid concrete in a perimeter that grows into a concrete mountain. Instead they lie … and go on lying.

Nuclear damage blowsaround the globe. Federal governments like the Stephen Harper governmentwill report nothing, will measure as little as possible.

Nuclear damage fromFukashima is at the edge of threatening ocean life. The madmen don’tcare. The Japanese madmen lie to their own people, do nothing.

The Western media remainsalmost silent… as destruction of all life on the planet proceeds.

We know all about Iran,because we lived through the Iraq War (though tens of thousands of Iraq peopledidn’t). Iraq had weapons of mass destruction, the madmen claimed. But the investigators on the ground wouldn’t lie ~ Iraq did not have weapons ofmass destruction. The U.S. (with its satellite madmen of “the willing”)invaded anyway, destroying ancient marvels, wrecking a modern state, killingtens of thousands, creating social chaos. Increasing the danger to life on theplanet.

For oil.

For power.

For dominance.

We know that.

Iran, we are told, ispushing for nuclear weapons. The U.S. has nuclear weapons and threatensIran. Israel has illicit nuclear weapons and threatens Iran. Israelviolates international law and enters Iran to assassinate Iranians.

For a while theinvestigators in Iran held out. Iran was not developing nuclear weapons.But the investigators weakened. Now the International Atomic Energy Agency issaying maybe there is a chance that perhaps Iran wants nuclear weapons. It speaks enough half-lies to satisfy “the Western Powers”. With two nuclear enemieslike the U.S. and Israel, why shouldn’t Iran want nuclear weapons?

But that isn’t the point….

The U.S. wants the chanceto erase the Iranian government, to decimate the Iranian people, and to seizeIranian oil and territory… as it has done in Iraq. The people who dominate theU.S.A. and Israel are mad … insane. A war with Iran will hasten thedestruction of human life on the planet. The subject here is the imminentdestruction of human life on the planet. The 1% don’t care.

The U.S. has spread nuclearwaste ammunition (so-called ‘depleted uranium’) across nations, the Balkanstates, through the Near East, creating (on-going) monstrous births, cancers,deaths … and doesn’t care.

In Canada, in BritishColumbia, in Vancouver, an octogenarian speaks out. Rafe Mair, formermember of the B.C. legislature, former Talk Show host speaks out. Looking downfrom the mountain-top of age he sees in the valley ~ madness. Tanker trafficfrom the insane, polluting Tar Sands, from the insane proposed Northern GatewayPipeline will ravage the Pacific Coast. Not “might ravage”, will ravage …urging forward destruction of human life on the planet.

Rafe Mair says BritishColumbians must be ready to practice “civil disobedience” to stop the madnessin their province.

He has said it more thanonce.

He is right. Butthe language is wrong. “Civil Disobedience” sounds like breaking thelaw. “Disobedience” to what? ~ to the insane people, the 1%, to theStephen Harper maniacs prostrating themselves before the 1%? And lying toCanadians.

To fight for the survivalof human life on the planet is to answer a Greater Law. It is not to engage insome kind of “disobedience”.

The response to themadness must be Positive Action to Save the Planet ~ PACT.

Become a member.

No cost.

No record.

No membership list.

An invisible membership.

[In French: ActionsPositives Pour Sauvegarder La Planete ~ ACPOS (my machine has no French “accentgrave”: sorry)] You become a member by wanting to. You organize bywanting to.

You collaborate to beeffective.

Your membership isinvisible.

“By their deeds ye shallknow them.”

Act.

And what does PACT/ACPOSdo around the world?

It takes “positive actionto save human life on the planet”. In groups of thousands on down to twosand threes. Or in ones.

Occupy public squares andparks? Yes. And, better, ‘intervene positively’ to affect trade andcommerce, to stop the 1%: to change policy.

Act to change the liesand fraud used by the 1% to destroy human life on the planet. Meet thatpolicy head on ~ with activism, with action.

Words are not enough.

Act.

Trains have to be stalledin rail yards, freighters and cruise vessels in ports, transport trucks intheir garages. Rafe Mair must have thousands with him when he stands “in theway of the first shovel” to stop the Gateway Pipeline from beginning.

If governments ~ and the1% they truckle to ~ don’t make dramatic changes in policy, then no action towound the obscene profits of the 1% will be too extreme.

Because we are talkingabout the destruction of human life on the planet.

Activists must beimaginative. Occupy Stock Exchanges. Shut them down ~ in Vancouver,Winnipeg, Toronto, New York, London, Paris, Beijing, Moscow, Tokyo …everywhere.

Do those things beforeothers, growing desperate, do more, much more.

Appear before, presentdelegations to, occupy village, town, city, province, national councilchambers, legislative assemblies, parliaments, congresses, national assemblies ~whatever they are called.

To change policy.

Before others, growingdesperate, do much, much more.

Expose PoliticalOpposition Parties which ~ so far ~ are the pitiable time-servers of insanemasters.

At the present they donot Oppose.

They collaborate.

They will join PACT orthey will be by-passed by history.

Talk to the police andthe soldiers. They are the instruments of oppression for the 1%. Police and soldiers are mothers and fathers, sons and daughters, aunts anduncles, cousins, and friends … like the rest of us.

They must be talked toabout the survival of human life on the planet and the 1% - talked to by theirmothers and fathers, brothers and sisters, aunts and uncles, cousins, andfriends. All this is about the imminent destruction of human life on theplanet.

Get the police and thesoldiers to change, to leave the 1% and join Positive Action To Save ThePlanet: PACT.

No fee, no record, nomembership list, an invisible membership.

Then the Titanic will beturned away from the iceberg. Then real Parliaments will take steps to save theplanet. Then elected representatives will represent. Then theHarper lies, the lies of the 1% will be stopped ~ will be forced to stop.

Act in groups ofthousands, all the way down to twos and threes. Act alone. Act to changepolicy.

Now.

Words are not enough.

Act.

Act now, because not toact is to guarantee the end of human life on the planet.

Contact Robin at: rmathews@telus.net

TODAY'S IMAGE: JANUARY 29, 2012

2012-01-29T13:06:00.000-08:00

THE TRYST (Interior) by Jean-Leon Gerome

THE TRYST (Exterior) by Jean-Leon Gerome

SHEIKH IMRAN HOSSEIN: ISRAEL TAKES THE UNITED STATES TO THE END

2012-01-29T11:55:00.000-08:00

DUDE, THAT ISN’T WAX ON YOUR APPLE!

2012-01-29T10:47:00.000-08:00

Of course you don't think twice about giving your hands a good scrubbing before fixing a meal or sitting down to eat. How well do you wash your vegetables and fruits?

You might be surprised to learn that very little of what's on those fresh vegetables and fruits actually comes off when you simply rinse or rub them under running water.

Even if you buy organic or sustainably grown produce fruits from your local farmers' market ~ which I hope you do ~ there are potentially hidden dangers lurking on their surfaces as well.

Grow your own? Fertilizers, animals, and unhealthy soil can contaminate even homegrown produce.

As you walk through the produce section of your local grocery store, you'd never suspect that some of the most vibrant-looking, picture-perfect fruits and vegetables harbor so many health-threatening pesticides.

Cleansing with an effective, suitable fruit and vegetable cleaner can certainly help eliminate surface toxic chemical residues, but it's still best to buy especially these twelve fruits and vegetables organic whenever possible.

Peeling a piece of fruit or vegetable is sometimes an option, but it strips away beneficial nutrients. Even, as you will find below, "organic" has a few unexpected surprises for the unwary.

Reality Blog

January 28,2012

Do you fancy yourself a vegetarian or vegan?

Think that the label that says “organically grown” has anythingto do with the packaging, storage, and transport of that product to stores?

What if I told you that cow, pig, and chicken collagen is nowused in place of wax on your fruits and vegetables, among many other thingsmuch worse than you can probably imagine?

And what if then I told you, as with most atrocities that happennow-a-days, that this is all approved by the FDA…

Since the early 12th century, there has been a tradition ofapplying wax onto the skins of fruits and vegetables for longer storage life.Today, that tradition is being carried on with a whole new generation ofchemicals and compounds that are genetically designed to accomplish the samegoal. But in these modern times, the health and well-being of the consumer ofthat apple is not necessarily the goal of this unnatural, inorganic process.

Bottom line… your produce is being dipped and sprayed withan experimental host of holy horrors in the name of “food safety” andlonger shelf-life. Prepare yourself to be shocked and amazed that our Federalagency that is designed to protect us, the Food and Drug Administration, isallowing these dangerous and unhealthy practices to be perpetrated on anunwitting public, all in the name of profits.

This video was recently posted to Youtube, showing a womanpeeling off of her freshly bought supermarket romaine lettuce what appears tobe a plastic coating, similar to the type one would peel off of the screen of anew electronic gadget. She has no idea what she has discovered…

Now, while this seems to be an almost incredible and hard tobelieve hoax, the truth is even stranger. Please read on…

For those of you that know of my writing, you know that I liketo get right down to the nitty-gritty… the primary source. And so we will goright to what the FDA has to say about what this strange plastic-like substanceis, and whether or not it approves of such food handling practices (which itdoes).

Here is the link for the FDA’s website, entitled:

“Chapter VI. Microbiological Safety ofControlled and Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Fresh and Fresh-Cut Produce ~Analysis and Evaluation of Preventive Control Measures for the Control andReduction/Elimination of Microbial Hazards on Fresh and Fresh-Cut Produce”.

Link:
http://www.fda.gov/Food/ScienceResearch/ResearchAreas/SafePracticesforFoodProcesses/ucm091368.htm

Wow! That sounds so wonderfully official and scientific, doesn’tit?

So what are these “preventativecontrol measures” as referred to in this report?

Well, for our purposes, since these measures are actuallyedible, let’s explore what the FDA approves for our fruits and vegetables to bedipped in and sprayed with for our own “safety”…

The report states:

This chapter addresses the use of modified atmosphere packagingand controlled atmosphere packaging for the preservation of fresh produce.There have been great technological advances in this area of preservation,particularly as it refers to improving the quality and shelf-stability ofhighly perishable food products, such as produce. However, when using thesetechnologies, carefulattention must be paid to the effect on the survival and growth of pathogenicorganisms. This chapter focuses on food safety aspects ofpackaging technologies that are either commercially available or underinvestigation…

Over the past 20 years, there has been an enormous increase inthe demand for fresh fruit and vegetable products that has required theindustry to develop new and improved methods for maintaining food quality andextending shelf life…

One of the areas of research that has shown promise, and hadsuccess, is that of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). This techniqueinvolves either actively or passively controlling or modifying the atmospheresurrounding the product within a package made of various types and/orcombinations of films.In North America, one of the first applications of this technology forfresh-cut produce was introduced by McDonald’s (Brody 1995), which used MAP oflettuce in bulk-sized packages to distribute the product to retail outlets…

A modified atmosphere can be defined as one that is created byaltering the normal composition of air (78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.03% carbondioxide and traces of noble gases) to provide an optimum atmosphere forincreasing the storage length and quality of food/produce (Moleyar andNarasimham 1994; Phillips 1996). This can be achieved by using controlled atmosphere storage (CAS)and/or active or passivemodified atmosphere packaging (MAP).

The numerous film types used in MAP are listed in Table VI-2 (seebelow), and some commercially available MAP systems are listed in Table VI-3.Oxygen, CO₂, and N₂, are most often used in MAP/CAS(Parry 1993; Phillips 1996). Other gases such as nitrous and nitric oxides,sulphur dioxide, ethylene, chlorine (Phillips 1996), as well as ozone andpropylene oxide (Parry 1993) have been suggested and investigatedexperimentally.

So was that plastic looking film being peeled off of thatsupermarket lettuce above actually one of many forms of modified atmospherepackaging? Was it dipped in or sprayed by a “MAP” chemical compound for “foodsafety”?

Lets read further into this FDA report

1.3. Films used in MAP

Edible biodegradable coatings are yet anothervariant of the smart film technology, where a film is used as a coating andapplied directly on the food…

The use of MAP for whole and fresh-cut produce involves carefulselection of the filmand package type for each specific product and package size. Effective MAP ofproduce requires consideration of the optimal gas concentration, productrespiration rate, gas diffusion through the film, as well as the optimalstorage temperature in order to achieve the most benefit for the product andconsumer. In addition, when selecting an appropriate film, one has to take intoaccount the protection provided, as well as the strength, sealability andclarity, machineability, ability to label, and the gas gradient formed by theclosed film (Zagory 1995).

Recently, the long list of films and commercially available MAPsystems has been augmented with the conception of both smart and edible packaging systems(Guilbert and others 1996; Phillips 1996). “Smart” or “intelligent” packaging is being used in thefresh-cut industry and includes indicators of time andtemperature, gas composition, seal leakage, and food safety and quality (Rooney2000).

Some intelligent systems alter package oxygen and /or carbondioxide permeability by sensing and responding to changes in temperature. Othersmart films incorporate chemicals into packets placed in the packaging system,with no contact with the product; an example would be the use of O₂scavengers with O₂ indicators. Another type of smart film, developedwith food safety in mind, is currently undergoing testing.

This novel system, when incorporated into a packaging film, usesan antibody detection systemto detect pathogens, and expresses a positive finding as a symbol on thesurface of the package, thereby alerting food handlers to the presence ofpathogens. Although this technology shows promise, it is still in its infancyand comprehensive assessments have yet to be performed. Several limitationshave been suggested with this technology; for example, it would not likely beable to detect pathogens at concentrations below 10⁴ CFU/g or cm²and would not detect pathogens within the product.

Edible biodegradable coatings are yet anothervariant of the smart film technology, where a film is used as a coating andapplied directly on the food (Guilbert and others 1996; Francisand others 1999). Wax has been used in China since the 12th and 13th centuriesas an edible coating to retard desiccation of citrus fruits, and in the last 30 years, edible films andcoatings made from a variety of compounds have beenreported.

Guilbert and others (1996) and Baldwin (1994) have extensivelyreviewed some of the newer edible films (see Tables VI-3 and VI-5). These filmsare gaining popularity due to both environmental pollution and food safetyconcerns (Padgett and others 1998). However,a number of problems have also been associated with edible coatings.For example, modification of the internal gas composition of the product due tohigh CO₂ and low O₂ can cause problems such as anaerobicfermentation of apples and bananas, rapid weight loss of tomatoes, elevatedlevels of core flush for apples, rapid decay in cucumbers, and so on (Park andothers 1994).
Edible films may consist of four basic materials: lipids, resins, polysaccharides andproteins (Baldwin and others 1995).
Plasticizers such as glycerol as well as cross-linking agents,antimicrobials, antioxidants, and texture agents can be added to customize thefilm for a specific use (Guilbert and others 1996). Plasticizers have thespecific effect of increasing water vapor permeability. Therefore, theiraddition must be considered when calculating the desired water vapor propertiesof each specific film, since too much moisture can create ideal growthconditions for some foodborne pathogens. The most common plasticizer used tocast edible films is food-grade polyethylene glycol, which is used to reducefilm brittleness (Koelsch 1994).

What is polyethyleneglycol?

Link:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene_glycol ~ whichcauses nephrotoxicity (renal problems)

Link:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrotoxicity

What is a plasticizer?

Plasticizers (UK = plasticisers) or dispersants
areadditives that increase the plasticity or fluidity of a material. The dominantapplications are for plastics, especially polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Theproperties other materials are also improved when blended plasticizersincluding concrete, clays, and related products. The worldwide market forplasticizers in 2000 was estimated to be several million tons per year.

Plasticizers work by embedding themselves between the chains ofpolymers, spacing them apart (increasing the “free volume”), and thussignificantly lowering the glass transition temperature for the plastic andmaking it softer. For plastics such as PVC, the more plasticizer added, thelower its cold flex temperature will be. This means that it will be moreflexible and its durability will increase as a result of it. Some plasticizersevaporate and tend to concentrate in an enclosed space; the “new car smell” iscaused mostly by plasticizers evaporating from the car interior.

Plasticizers make it possible to achieve improved compoundprocessing characteristics, while also providing flexibility in the end-useproduct… Plasticizers also function as softeners, extenders, and lubricants,and play a significant role in rubber manufacturing.
Other uses include:

Phthalate-based plasticizers are used insituations where good resistance to water and oils is required. Some commonphthalate plasticizers are:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), used in construction materials and medical devices

Diisononyl phthalate (DINP),found in garden hoses, shoes, toys, and building materials

Bis(n-butyl)phthalate (DnBP,DBP), used for cellulose plastics, foodwraps, adhesives, perfumes, and cosmetics – about a third ofnail polishes, glosses, enamels, and hardeners contain it, together with someshampoos, sunscreens, skin emollients, and insect repellents

Butyl benzylphthalate (BBzP) is found in vinyl tiles, traffic cones, food conveyorbelts, artificial leather, and plastic foams

Diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP),used for insulation of wires and cables, car undercoating, shoes, carpets, poolliners

Di-n-octylphthalate (DOP or DnOP), used in flooring materials, carpets, notebookcovers, and high explosives, such as Semtex (plastic explosive). Together with DEHP it was themost common plasticizers, but now is suspectedof causing cancer

Diisooctylphthalate (DIOP), all-purpose plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride,polyvinyl acetate, rubbers, cellulose plastics, and polyurethane.

Diethyl phthalate (DEP)

Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP)

Di-n-hexylphthalate, used in flooring materials, tool handles, and automobile parts

and on and on…

Lipids, or waxes and oils, and resins such as shellac and woodrosin have been widely used for intact fruits and vegetables in two distinctforms, laminates and emulsions (Baldwin and others 1995). Lipid-based ediblebarriers are known for their low water vapor permeabilities. Koelsch (1994)found that the water vapor permeability of a cellulose-based emulsion barrieris dependent on the lipid moiety used; a minimum permeability can be achievedwhen stearic acid is used as the lipid.

This is due to the effective barrierformed by stearic acid through an interlocking network. However, lipid-basededible films also require a support matrix to reduce brittleness, and havedifficulty adhering to the hydrophilic cut surfaces of fruits and vegetables(Koelsch 1994; Baldwin and others 1995). Some of the most common compounds usedfor support matrices are modified celluloses of hydroxypropylmethyl, ethyl andmethylcellulose, chitosan and whey protein isolate (WPI; Koelsch 1994).

*** Author’s note: Steric acid is also known as tallow (animal and plant fatty acidsused in the production of soap).

In general, polysaccharides such as cellulose, pectin, starch,carrageenan, and chitosan, can adhere to cut surfaces of produce andeffectively allow gas transfer; however, they are not effective moisturebarriers. Due to their CO₂ and O₂ permeabilities,polysaccharide-based films allow the creation of desirable modifiedatmospheres, an attractive advantage over plastic or shrink wrap MAP which canbe labor intensive, expensive and environmentally harmful (Baldwin and others1995).

A number of cellulose derived coatings are availablecommercially, most taking advantage of the modified atmosphere effect of thebarriers. Pro-long (Courtaulds Group, London) and Semperfresh (Surface SystemsInternational, Ltd., Oxfordshire, U.K.) are examples of water-soluble compositecoatings comprised of the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) andsucrose fatty acid ester emulsifiers (Baldwin and others 1995). Their propertiesare discussed in Table VI-6.

A newer product called “Snow-White,” based on sucrose esters offatty acids, has also been used to combat oxidative browning in the potatoindustry. Nature-Seal is a polysaccharide-based surface treatment that uses cellulosederivatives as film formers, but unlike Semperfresh and Pro-long, does notcontain sucrose fatty acid esters. Nature-Seal is a browning inhibitor that isapplied as a dip or spray and has been shown to delay ripening of whole fruitsand vegetables, and to retard discoloration of peeled carrots and cutmushrooms.

*** Authors note: Sucrose is the organiccompound commonly known as tablesugar and sometimes called saccharose. This is the kind of processedsugar many health conscious people avoid, and which diabetics aren’t supposedto consume, though the natural sugars in fresh fruit is acceptable fordiabetics. This is a blatantly deceiving practice.

Finally, proteins such as casein, soy, and zein, can also adhereto hydrophilic cut produce surfaces and are easily modified to form films;however, they also allow water diffusion (Baldwin and others 1995). Unlikelipid-based barriers, protein-based barriers do not require the addition of a support matrix, since theprotein acts as both the water vapor barrier and structural component of thefilm (Koelsch 1994). Park and others (1994) reported the successful applicationof a corn-zein film to extend the shelf life of tomatoes.

Color change, loss offirmness, and weight loss during storage were delayed, and shelf life wasextended by 6 d in comparison to untreated tomatoes.

The corn-zein product used in the abovestudy was a commercial product that was brushed onto the tomatoes(Regular Grade F4000, INC Biomedicals, Inc.), and consisted of 54 g ofcorn-zein, 14 g of glycerine, and 1 g of citric acid dissolved in 260 g ofethanol. Park and others (1994) did not comment on the use of citric acid inthe film solution; however, others have found that edible films composed ofzein were more successful in preventing the rancidity of nuts when citric acidwas added (Guilbert and others 1996).

*** Author’s note: Ethanol,also called ethyl alcohol,pure alcohol,grain alcohol,or drinking alcohol,is a volitile, flammable, colorless liquid. It is a psychoactive drug and oneof the oldest recreational drugs. Best known as the type of alcohol found inalcoholic beverages, it is also used in thermometers, as a solvent, and as afuel. In common usage, it is often referred to simply as alcohol or spirits.

In order to obtain an edible film that incorporates all the bestqualities of these four basic materials, as well as fulfilling the specificconditions for each fruit or vegetable, manufacturers are now producing filmscomprised of different combinations. Some of the advantages and disadvantagesof the four basic edible film barriers, as well as combinations thereof, arelisted in Table VI-5 (discussed below).
.

Here is Table VI-3:
.

“Commercially available modified atmosphere packaging systemsfor small and large quantities of produce”
.

Edible Films¹
TAL Pro-Long (Courtaulds Group)	Blend of sucrose esters of fatty acids and sodium carboxymethylcellulose; depresses internal O₂and is edible.	Pears
Nutri-Save	N, O-carboxymethychitosan edible film.	Pears, apples
Semperfresh, Nu-Coat Fo, Ban-seel, Brilloshine, Snow-White and White Wash products (Surface Systems Intl. Ltd.)	Sucrose ester based fruit coatings with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose products manufactured exclusively from food ingredients available in dip or spray.	Most fruits and vegetables, processed and whole potatoes (Snow-White and White-Wash)
PacRite products (American Machinery Corp.)	Variety of products, water-based carnauba-shellac emulsions, shellac and resin water emulsions, water-based mineral oil fatty acid emulsions, and so forth.	Apples, citrus, tomatoes, cucumbers, green peppers, squash, peaches, plums, nectarines
Fresh-Cote product line (Agri-Tech Inc.)	Variety of products including; shellac-based, carnauba-based and oil emulsion edible films.	Apples, pears, eggplant, tomatoes, cucumbers, stone fruits
Vector 7, Apl-Brite 300C, Citrus-Brite 300C (Solutec Corp.)	Vector 7 is a shellac-based film with morpholine; the Apl-Brite and Citrus-Brite are carnuba-based films.	Apples and citrus fruits
Primafresh Wax (S.C. Johnson)	Carnauba-based wax emulsion.	Apples, citrus and other firm-surfaced fruit
Shield-Brite products (Pace Intl. Shield-Brite)	Shellac, carnauba, natural wax and vegetable oil/wax and xanthan gum products.	Citrus, pears, stone fruit
Sta-Fresh Products (Food Machinery Corp.)	Natural, synthetic, and modified natural resin products and combinations thereof.	Citrus, apples, stone fruits, pomegranates, tomatoes, pineapple, cantaloupes, and sweet potatoes
Fresh Wax products (Fresh Mark Corp.)	Shellac and wood resin, oxidized polyethylene wax, white oil/paraffin wax products.	Citrus, cantaloupes, pineapples, apples, sweet potatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes and other vegetables
Brogdex Co. products	Carnauba wax emulsions with or without fungicides, emulsion wax, high shine wax, water-based emulsion wax, carnauba-based emulsion, vegetable oil, resin-based and concentrated polyethylene emulsion wax products.	Apples, melons, bananas, avocado, chayote, papaya, mango, pineapple, citrus, stone fruits.
FreshSeal^TM (Planet Polymer Technologies Inc. has licensed CPG Technologies of Agway, Inc. to produce)	A patented coating that slows the ripening process by controlling the O₂ and CO₂ and water vapor flowing in and out of the product. It can be tailored to the individual respiration rates of different fruit and vegetable varieties.	Currently available for avocado, cantaloupe, mangoes and papaya. Use on limes, pineapples and bananas is currently under investigation.
Nature-Seal^TM , AgriCoat (Mantrose Bradshaw Zinsser Group)	Composite polysaccharide-based coating using cellulose derivatives as film formers.	Sliced apples, carrots, peppers, onions, lettuce, pears, avocados, sliced bananas
Intelligent Systems
Activated Earth Films	Typically polyethylene bags with powdered clay material made of powdered aluminum silicates, incorporated into the film matrix. Possibly reduces ethylene concentration by facilitating its diffusion out of the bag.	Variable
Temperature Responsive Films (Landec Labs)	Films increase their gas permeabilities in response to temperature increases as well as increases in respiration. Stabilizes the modified atmosphere so it remains the same under various temperatures.	Specific for each product
CO₂ Scavengers FreshLock (Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co.), Verifrais (Codimer Tournessi, Gujan-Mestras)	Sachet type product which is placed directly in the package and absorbs both carbon dioxide and oxygen.	Fruits and vegetables, coffee
Ethylene absorbents Ethysorb (StayFresh Ltd), Ageless C (Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company), Freshkeep (Kurarey), Acepack (nippon Greener), Peakfresh (Klerk Plastic Industrie, Chantler Packaging Inc.)	Sachet type product which is placed directly in the package and absorbs ethylene. They are composed of a variety of products such as aluminum oxide, potassium permanganate, activated carbon, and silicon dioxide.	Fruits and vegetables
Antimicrobial Films-unsure of commercial availability

So let’s take a look at what some of these “food safety” MAPproducts actually are, as listed in the above table:

Shellac

Shellac is a resin secreted by the female lac bug, on trees inthe forests of India and Thailand. It is processed and sold as dry flakes whichare dissolved in ethyl alcohol to make liquid shellac, which is used as abrush-on colorant, food glaze and wood finish. Shellac functions as a toughnatural primer, sanding sealant, tannin-blocker, odour-blocker, stain, andhigh-gloss varnish. Shellac was once used in electrical applications as itpossesses good insulation qualities and it seals out moisture. Phonograph(gramaphone) records were also made of it during the pre-1950s, 78-rpmrecording era.

Shellac is one of the few historically appropriate finishes(including casein paint, spar varnishes, boiled linseed oil and lacquer) forearly 20th-century hardwood floors, and wooden wall and ceiling paneling.

From the time it replaced oil and wax finishes in the 19thcentury, shellac was one of the dominant wood finishes in the western worlduntil it was replaced by nitrocellulose lacquer in the 1920s and 1930s.

(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellac)

Morpholine

is a commonadditive, in parts per million concentrations, for pH adjustment in both fossilfuel and nuclear power plant steam systems. Morpholine is used because itsvolatility is about the same as water, so once it is added to the water,its concentration becomes distributed rather evenly in both the water and steamphases. Its pH adjusting qualities then become distributed throughout the steamplant to provide corrosion protection. Morpholine is often used in conjunctionwith low concentrations of hydrazine or ammonia to provide a comprehensiveall-volatile treatment chemistry for corrosion protection for the steam systemsof such plants. Morpholine decomposes reasonably slowly in the absence ofoxygen at the high temperatures and pressures in these steam systems.

The European Union has forbidden the use of Morpholine in fruitcoating.

Morpholine is widely used in the USA, Canada, Australia andother parts of the world as a food additive for use as a component or coatingfor fruits and vegetables. However, the use of Morpholine is prohibited in theEuropean Union, those countries where its use is permitted are fully aware ofthese restrictions. Consequently, they have strict protocols to ensure waxescontaining Morpholine are not used for fruit destined for the UK and the EU.

Morpholine is not permitted in Europe because it is known to bea precursor of N-nitrosomorpholine, a carcinogen.

(Source: http://www.salltd.co.uk/news_item.jsp?file=2010-09-29%20Morpholine%20residues%20detected%20in%20apples%20from%20Chile.html)

(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpholine)

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) orcellulose gum

is a synthesized cellulose derivative.

CMC is used in “food science” as a viscosity modifier orthickener, and to stabilize emulsions in various products including icecream. As a food additive, it has E number E466. It is also a constituentof many non-food products, such as K-Y Jelly, toothpaste, laxatives, dietpills, water-based paints, detergents, textile sizing and various paperproducts. It is used primarily because it has high viscosity, is non-toxic, andis hypoallergenic. In laundry detergents it is used as a soil suspensionpolymer designed to deposit onto cotton and other cellulosic fabrics creating anegatively charged barrier to soils in the wash solution. CMC is used as alubricant in non-volitile eye-drops (artificial tears). Sometimes it is methylcellulose (MC) which is used, but its non-polar methyl groups (-CH₃)do not add any solubility or chemical reactivity to the base cellulose.

Following the initial reaction the resultant mixture producesapproximately 60% CMC plus 40% salts (sodium chloride and sodium glycolate).This product is the so-called Technical CMC which is used in detergents. Afurther purification process is used to remove these salts to produce pure CMCwhich is used for food, pharmaceutical and dentifrice (toothpaste)applications. An intermediate “semi-purified” grade is also produced, typicallyused in paper applications.

CMC is also used in pharmaceuticals as a thickening agent. CMCis also used in the oil drilling industry as an ingredient of drilling mud,where it acts as a viscosity modifier and water retention agent. Poly-anioniccellulose or PAC is derived from CMC and is also used in oilfield practice.

Paraffin

Medicinal liquid paraffin is used to aid bowel movement inpersons suffering chronic constipation; it passes through the gastrointestinaltract without itself being taken into the body, but it limits the amount ofwater removed from the stool. In the food industry, where it may be called“wax”, it can be used as a lubricant in mechanical mixing, applied to bakingtins to ensure that loaves are easily released when cooked and as a coating forfruit or other items requiring a “shiny” appearance for sale.

It is often used in infrared spectroscopy, as it has arelatively uncomplicated IR spectrum. When the sample to be tested is made intoa mull (a very thick paste), liquid paraffin is added so it can be spread onthe transparent (to infrared) mounting plates to be tested.

Mineral oil has also seen widespread use in biotechnology forpreventing the evaporation of small volumes of liquid during heating.Polymerase chain-reaction samples may need to be overlaid with a layer ofmineral oil to prevent evaporation during the high heat (95 °C) required todenature DNA.

Paraffin wax as a food grade substance is used in:
Shiny coating used in candy-making;although edible, it is non-digestible, passing right through the body withoutbeing broken down

Coating for many kinds of hardcheese, like Edam cheese

Sealant for jars, cans, and bottles

Chewing gum additive

It is also used for:

Candle-making

Coatings for waxed paper or cloth

Investment casting

Anti-caking agent, moisturerepellent, and dust-binding coatings for fertilizers

Agent for preparation of specimensfor histology

Bullet lubricant – with otheringredients, such as olive oil and beeswax

Crayons

Solid propellant for hybrid rocketmotors

Component of surf-wax, used for gripon surfboards in surfing

Component of glide wax, used onskies and snowboards

Friction-reducer, for use onhandrails and cement ledges, commonly used in skateboarding

Ink. Used as the basis for solid inkdifferent color blocks of wax for thermal printers. The wax is melted and thensprayed on the paper producing images with a shiny surface

Microwax: food additive, a glazingagent with E number E905

Forensics aid: the nitrate test usesparaffin wax to detect nitrates and nitrites on the hand of a shooting suspect

Antiozonant agents: blends ofparaffin and micro waxes are used in rubber compounds to prevent cracking ofthe rubber; the antiozonant waxes can be produced from synthetic waxes, FT wax,and Fischer Tropsch wax

Mechanical thermostats andactuators, as an expansion medium for activating such devices

“Potting” guitar pickups, whichreduces microphonic feedback caused from the subtle movements of the polepieces

“Potting” of local oscillator coilsto prevent microphonic frequency modulation in low end FM radios.

Wax baths for beauty and therapypurposes

Thickening agent in many Paintballs,as used by Crayola

An effective, although comedogenic,moisturizer in toiletries and cosmetics such as Vaseline

Prevents oxidation on the surface ofpolished steel and iron

(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraffin)

N(6)-Carboxymethyllysine (CML)

Also known as N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine, is an advancedglycation endproduct (AGE). CML has been the most used marker for AGEs in foodanalysis.

An advancedglycation end-product (AGE)is the result of a chain of chemical reactions after an initial glycationreaction. Side products generated in intermediate steps may be oxidizing agents(such as hydrogen peroxide), or not (such as beta amyloid proteins).“Glycosylation” is sometimes used for “glycation” in the literature, usually as‘non-enzymatic glycosylation.’

AGEs may be formed external to the body (exogenously) by heating(e.g., cooking);or inside the body (endogenously) through normal metabolism andaging. Under certain pathologic conditions (e.g., oxidative stress due tohyperglycemia in patients with diabetes), AGE formation can be increased beyondnormal levels. AGEs are now known to play a role as proinflammatory mediatorsin gestational diabetes as well.

The formation and accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts(AGEs) has been implicated in the progression of age-related diseases. AGEshave been implicated in Alzheimer’s Disease,cardiovascular disease,andstroke.The mechanism by which AGEs induce damage is through a process calledcross-linking that causes intracellular damage and apoptosis.They formphotosensitizers in the crystalline lens, which has implications for cataractdevelopment.Reduced muscle function is also associated with AGEs.

AGEs may be less, or more, reactive than the initial sugars theywere formed from. They are absorbed by the body during digestion with about 30%efficiency. Many cells in the body (for example, endothelial cells, smoothmuscle, and cells of the immune system)from tissue such as lung, liver, kidney,and peripheral blood bear the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products(RAGE) that, when binding AGEs, contributes to age- and diabetes-relatedchronic inflammatory diseases such atherosclerosis, asthma, arthritis,myocardial infarction, nephropathy, retinopathy, periodontis, and neuropathy..There may be some chemicals, such as aminoguanidine, that limit the formationof AGEs by reacting with 3-deoxyglucosone.

The total state of oxidative and peroxidative stress on thehealthy body, and the accumulation of AGE-related damage is proportional to thedietary intake of exogenous (preformed) AGEs, the consumption of sugars with apropensity towards glycation such as fructose and galactose. (So naturally,this AGE is used to coat fructose engorged fruit!!! Real safe…)

AGEs affect nearly every type of cell and molecule in the body,and are thought to be one factor in aging and some age-related chronicdiseases.They are also believed to play a causative role in the vascularcomplications of diabetes mellitus.

They have a range of pathological effects, including increasingvascular permeability, inhibition of vascular dilation by interfering withnitric oxide, oxidising LDL, binding cells including macrophage, endothelial,and mesangial cells to induce the secretion of a variety of cytokines andenhancing oxidative stress.

Gelatin (or gelatine)

Is a translucent, colorless, brittle (when dry), flavorlesssolid substance, derived from the collagen inside animals’ skin and bones. Itis commonly used as a gelling agent in food, pharmaceuticals, photography, andcosmetic manufacturing. Substances containing gelatin or functioning in asimilar way are called gelatinous.Gelatin is an irreversibly hydrolyzed form of collagen, and is classified as afoodstuff and therefore carries no E Number. It is found in some gummy candiesas well as other products such as marshmallows, gelatin dessert, and somelow-fat yogurt. Household gelatin comes in the form of sheets, granules, orpowder. Instant types can be added to the food as they are; others need to besoaked in water beforehand.

Gelatin is a mixture of peptides and proteins produced bypartial hydrolysis of collagen extracted from the boiled crushed bones,connective tissues, organs and some intestines of animals such as domesticatedcattle, chicken, and pigs. The natural molecular bonds between individualcollagen strands are broken down into a form that rearranges more easily.Gelatin melts to a liquid when heated and solidifies when cooled again.Together with water, it forms a semi-solid colloid gel.

The worldwide production amount of gelatin is about 300,000 tonsper year (roughly 600 million lb).On a commercial scale, gelatin is made fromby-products of the meat and leather industry. Gelatin is derived mainly frompork skins, pork and cattle bones, or split cattle hides; contrary to popularbelief, horns and hooves are not used. The raw materials are prepared bydifferent curing, acid, and alkali processes which are employed to extract thedried collagen hydrolysate. These processes may take up to several weeks, anddifferences in such processes have great effects on the properties of the finalgelatin products.

(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelatin)

Author's note… And so the practical joke of thecentury from the villainous FDA?

Vegetarians and vegans have all this time beeneating organic fruit and veggies covered in pig, beef, and chicken byproducts.

Oh, they must get a kick out of themselves!

Could this food safety practice actually be causing harm andpromoting disease and harmful pathogens?

Oh, most certainly, according to the FDA report.

In fact, it after reading this report, I am very suspicious thatthe recent outbreaks of food-borne illness caused from produce may X haveironically been caused by this scientific process of food safety.

Remember the great spinach scare of the 2006, when almost allprepackaged washed and ready to eat spinach was recalled due to thestrain of E. coli called 0157:H7? Several of those infected during thatoutbreak were diagnosed with hemolytic uremic syndrome, a serious form ofkidney failure (remember, the kidneys are your renal system, a side effect ofwhich is mentioned above).

How about the recent February 2011 recall of broccoli, where anumber of broccoli products sold under the Signature Café, TFarms and Raley’slabels were recalled due to the risk of Listeria food poisoning?

It seems most if not all of these recalls have to do with “freshcut” or “washed and ready to eat” produce, as well as whole produce.

So let’s take a look at the report to see what this Map film cando for our little pathogenic food poisoning friends…

3.2. Pathogenic organisms

…MAP produce is vulnerable from a safety standpoint becausemodified atmospheres may inhibit organisms that usually warn consumers ofspoilage, while the growth of pathogens may be encouraged. Also, slow growingpathogens may further increase in numbers due to the extension of shelf life.

Currently, there is concern with the psychrotrophic foodborne pathogens such asL. monocytogenes,Yersinia entercolitica and Aeromonashydrophila, as well as non-proteolytic C. botulinum, although clearly a number of othermicroorganisms, especially Salmonellaspp., E. coliO157:H7 and Shigella spp.,can be potential health risks.

3.3. Clostridium botulinum (botulism)

…there is some concern about the use of MAP with respect to thisorganism (Zagory 1995). Depending on the product in a MA package, the level ofO₂ can decrease rapidly if the product is temperature abused andproduct respiration increases, leaving a highly anaerobic environment ideal forthe growth and toxin production of C.botulinum (Francis and others 1999)…

…in 1987, four circus performers in Sarasota, FL became ill withsymptoms of botulism after consuming coleslaw prepared from packaged shreddedcabbage purchased three weeks earlier in New Orleans (Solomon and others 1990).Researchers suspected that the cabbage had been packaged using MAP and thatcontaminated cabbage further contaminated the dressing, leading to the recoveryof C. botulinum typeA toxin and spores from the dressing.

…Lilly and others (1996) found that only 0.3% (1 of 337) ofsampled shredded cabbage obtained from retail suppliers in the United Statescontained C. botulinum.However, the products tested had all been stored at 4°C (39.2°F), below theminimum for growth of proteolytic C.botulinum…

Growth and toxin production of C. botulinum before obvious product spoilage hasalso been observed on Agaricusbisporus mushrooms (Sugiyama and Yang 1975) and potato slices(Dignan 1985). As well, Austin and others (1998) performed challenge studiesusing both nonproteolytic and proteolytic strains of C. botulinum on MAP fresh-cutvegetables and found that samples of butternut squash (5°C [41°F], 21 d) andonion (25°C [77°F], 6 d) appeared organoleptically acceptable when toxin wasdetected.

It was also demonstrated that toxin production by C. botulinum varied with thevegetables tested. Only nonproteolytic strains growing on butternut squash werecapable of producing neurotoxin at temperatures as low as 5°C (41°F ) in 21 d,whereas proteolytic strains were able to produce toxin on all vegetables tested(onion, butternut squash, rutabaga, romaine lettuce, stir-fry and mixed salad),except coleslaw at 15°C (59°F) and higher (Austin and others 1998)…

Fresh mushrooms and tomatoes have also been shown to containspores of Clostridiumspp., and therefore thepossibility of botulism associated with these MAP products must not be ignored(Zagory 1995).

3.4. Listeria monocytogenes

Recently, concerns about possible pathogen contamination in MAPproduce have focused on L.monocytogenes due to its ability to grow at refrigerationtemperatures (NACMCF 1999). Numerous researchers have reported that thisorganism can remain largely unaffected by MAP, while the normal microflora isinhibited (Amatanidou and others 1999; Francis and O’Bierne 1997, 1998). Thus,although MAP produce can remain organoleptically acceptable, L. monocytogenes, with areduced microflora and, especially if low levels of lactic acid bacteria arepresent, can grow at lowtemperatures to potentially harmful levels during the extended storage life ofa MAP produce product…

Early studies showed that L.monocytogenes inoculated onto broccoli, asparagus and cauliflowerwas unaffected by a modified atmosphere of 3% CO₂, 18% O₂and 79% N₂ for 10 d at 10°C (Berrang and others 1989a). Furtherstudies by Beuchat and Brackett (1990a) clearly demonstrated that L. monocytogenes increased significantly in number onlettuce stored in a modified atmosphere of 3% O₂ and 97% N₂…

…Francis and O’Beirne (1997) also reported that the growth of L. monocytogenes was stimulated by nitrogen flushingat 8°C (46.4°F). In addition,increasing CO₂ levels from 10 to 20% has been reported to stimulatethe growth of L.monocytogenesin a surface model system (Amanatidou and others 1999).

Challenge studies conducted by Farber and others (1998) focusedon commercially availablepackaged vegetables and salads, as well as vegetables processed to mimicfoodservice conditions. The importance of refrigeration wasclearly demonstrated as L.monocytogenes population levels remained constant on all fresh-cut,processed and packaged vegetables stored at 4°C (39.2°F), with the exception ofbutternut squash and carrots on which the levels increased and decreased,respectively. At 10°C (50°F), the growth of L.monocytogenes was supported on all vegetables tested with theexception of chopped carrots, where the population decreased by 2 log unitsover 9 d.

The inhibitory properties of raw, uncooked carrots and carrotjuice on the growth of L.monocytogenes have been previously reported (Beuchat and Brackett1990b). As well, Jacxsens and others (1999) reported a decline in L. monocytogenes on bothBrussels sprouts and carrots packaged under a modified atmosphere (2 to 3% O₂,2 to 3% CO₂, and 94 to 96% N₂) and stored at 7°C(44.6°F)…

…and the authors concluded that these conditions might allow L. monocytogenes to reachpotentially hazardous levels during the shelf life of the product…

The effects of competition between theindigenous microflora and pathogens on MAP produce have not been studiedextensively. However, in a recent study, Francis and O’Beirne (1998) used asurface model agar system to examine the effects of storage atmosphere on L. monocytogenes and thecompeting microflora (Pseudomonasfluorescens, P.aeruginosa, Enterobactercloacae, Enterobacteragglomerans and Leuconostoccitreum).

The findings suggested that MAPconditions (5-20% CO₂, balance N₂ and 3% O₂)might increase the growth rate of L.monocytogenes…

…Liao and Sapers (1999) also reported that P. fluorescens strainsinhibited the growth of L.monocytogenes on endive leaves and spinach, possiblydue to the production of a fluorescent siderophore by the pseudomonads. Ingeneral, at 3% O₂, a level often reached in commercial MAP packages, it appeared that growth of the inoculatedmixed natural population was decreased, whereas L. monocytogenesproliferated.

Reports of L.monocytogenes growing on sliced apples in controlled atmosphere(Conway and others 1998) and peeled potatoes in vacuum-packages (Juneja andothers 1998) at abusive temperatures provide further evidence that this organism may pose a safety risk withrespect to certain MAP fruit and vegetable products, andreiterates the importance of Good Agriculture Practices (GAP), GoodManufacturing Practices (GMP) and HACCP for produce post-harvest handling andprocessing.
More research needs to be done to examine the influence ofdifferent atmospheres, background microflora and storage temperatures on thesurvival and growth of L.monocytogenes on MAP fresh-cut produce.

3.5. Aeromonas hydrophila

Aeromonas spp. can be found on a widevariety of foods, as well as in most aquatic environments and most often causesgastroenteritis, andoccasionally septicemia (Kirov 1997)… A. hydrophila can grow atrefrigeration temperatures, and several studies have shown that growth is notaffected by low O₂ levels (1.5%) and CO₂ levels up to 50%(Francis and others 1999). Asurvey of 97 prepared salads found A. hydrophila to be present in 21.6% of them,significantly lower than in meat products tested (Fricker and Tompsett 1989).Hudson and De Lacy (1991) also did a small survey of 30 salads and found A. hydrophila in only one saladpackage not containing mayonnaise. They surmised that the mayonnaise loweredthe pH of the food, thereby inhibiting the growth of or inactivating theaeromonads present…

Berrang and others (1989b) determined that although at both 4°C (39.2°F) and 15°C(59°F), the shelf life of broccoli, asparagus and cauliflower was prolonged byMAP (that is, 11-18% O₂, 3-10% CO₂, 97% N₂),it did not negatively affect the growth of resident or inoculated A. hydrophila. Interestingly, theorganism was detected on most lots obtained from the commercial producer.Therefore, for storage periods of 8-21 d, depending on the product, A. hydrophila increased fromroughly 10⁴ to 10⁸ or 10⁹ CFU/g, and product that appeared suitable forconsumption was heavily contaminated with the pathogen. As withL. monocytogenes, theCO₂ levels that were inhibitory to A. hydrophila (that is, >50%) also damaged theproduct (Bennik and others 1995)…

3.6. Other pathogens of concern withrespect to MAP produce

Organisms such as Salmonella,Shigella, E. coli, and variousenteric viruses, such as hepatitis A, have been implicated in produceoutbreaks, and, therefore, there is concern about their behavior under modifiedatmosphere conditions (Zagory 1995; Amanatidou and others 1999). A 1986 outbreak of shigellosis was tracedback to commercially distributed MAP shredded lettuce; 347people were affected in two west Texas counties (Davis and others 1988).Fernandez-Escartin and others (1989) tested the ability of three strains of Shigella to grow on the surfaceof fresh-cut papaya, jicama, and watermelon and reported that populationsincreased significantly when the inoculated product was left at roomtemperature for 4-6 h. Shigellais not part of the normal flora associated with produce, but can be passed onas contaminants by infected food handlers and contaminated manure andirrigation water.

More recently, an outbreak of Salmonella Newport wasreported in the U.K., associated with the consumption of ready-to-eat saladvegetables (PHLS 2001). Todate, nine human cases have been identified with the isolated strain from theimplicated salad vegetables having an identical PFGE pattern to three of thehuman isolates.

Salmonella Typhimuriumand L. monocytogenes actually had an increasedgrowth rate at these concentrations; growth increased from 0.011 and0.031µ/h to 0.023 and 0.041 µ/h for S. Typhimurium and L. monocytogenes, respectively.In general, E. coli O157:H7, S. Hadar and S. Typhimurium wereonly inhibited by CO₂ levels that caused damage and spoilage to theproduce (Piagentini and others 1997; Amanatidou and others1999; Francis and others 1999). A modified atmosphere of 3% O₂ and97% N₂ also had no significant effect on E. coli O157:H7 inoculated onto shreddedlettuce, sliced cucumber, and shredded carrot and incubated at 12 and 21°C(21.6 and 69.8°F) (Abdul-Raouf and others 1993). At 5°C (41°F), populations ofviable E. coliO157:H7 declined on stored vegetables; however, at 12 and 21°C (53.6 and69.8°F), populations increased, demonstrating the importance of refrigerationtemperatures in maintaining product safety. Richert and others (2000) who,although not studying MAP, reported that E. coliO157:H7 could survive on produce (broccoli, cucumbers and green peppers) storedat 4°C (39.2°F) and proliferate rapidly when stored at 15°C (59°F). In 1993,there were two foodborne outbreaks of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) linked tocarrots in a tabouleh salad served in New Hampshire and to an airline salad ona flight from North Carolina to Rhode Island (CDC 1994). Although these carrotswere of U.S. origin, ETEC is a common cause of diarrheal illness in Mexico anddeveloping countries that import fresh product to North America. Research on the behavior of this pathogenon fresh and fresh-cut product, both under MAP and without MAP, seemswarranted…

…A more recent study, investigating the survival of C. jejuni on MAP fresh-cutcilantro and lettuce, found that refrigerationtemperatures in combination with a modified atmosphere of 2% O₂, 18% CO₂ and 80% N₂can be favorable for bacteria (Tran and others 2000). Due tothe microaerophilic nature of Campylobacterspp., which require 5% O₂, 10% CO₂ and 85% N₂for optimal growth, the investigators suspected that a low O₂modified atmosphere may provide an environment conducive to survival of thepathogen…

Table VI-2: Polymers, film types and permeability available forpackaging of MAP produce:

Edible Films	O₂ permeability (mL.mm/m².d.atm)	-	CO₂ permeability (mL.mm/m².d.atm)	Relative Humidity
Pectin	57.5	-	-	87
Chitosan	91.4	-	1553	93
Wheat (gluten)	190/250	-	4750/7100	91/94.5
Na caseinate	77	-	462	77
Gluten-DATEM	153	-	1705	94.5
Gluten-beeswax	133	-	1282	91
Na casenate/Myvacet	83	-	154	48
MC/MPMC/fatty acids	46.6	-	180	52
MC and beeswax	4	-	27	42
Gluten-DATEM and beeswax	<3	-	15	56
Gluten-Beeswax and beeswax	<3	-	13	56
Methylcellulose-palmitic acid	78.8	-	-	100
Zein	0.36²	-	2.67²	0.116³
Cozeen	0.89²	-	5.25²	0.407³
Polyethylene	8.3²	-	26.1²	-
Polypropylene	0.55²	-	-	0.00065³
Sucrose polyester	2.10²	-	-	0.00042³
Smart Films O₂scavengers with O₂indicators antibody based detection systems for detection of microbial pathogen
Antimicrobial filmsi) Edible Chlorinated phenoxy compound with biocide incorporated into the polymer layer (that is, nisin, lysozyme) Chlorine dioxide with biocide incorporated into polymer layer Edible films with sorbic acid, sodium benzoate, benzoic acid and potassium sorbate Pine based volatiles added to edible film Horseradish extract added to edible film ii) Non-edible films/products Propyl paraben dispersed in a polymer emulsion (Permax 801 or Carboset) LDPE with Imazalil LDPE with grapefruit seed extract Gas, as produced by sachets or other materials to produce sodium metabisulfite to obtain the production of sulfite

This list of ingredients includes substances that many peoplehave high allergic reactions to, including wheat (gluten) and milk (caseinate),and ones that are just downright bad for your health, including Chlorine, cornbyproducts, and other animal fatty acid byproducts.

So now at least you know. That shiny, healthy looking high-proglow that is emanating from your fresh store-bought produce is more than likelythis MAP ~ a film consisting of any number of inorganic, unhealthy compounds,including pork rinds and chicken bones!

The most important factor here is to understand that in anattempt prolong shelf life and reduce natural spoilage of our produce, thesefilm covers are also creating an environment for bad pathogens to grow. Andsince the produce shows no signs of spoilage or contamination, the consumer maynever know what is actually thriving thanks to that prolonged life allowed bymodern, yet impossibly dangerous and deceiving food science.

And so once again, this is your Federal Food and DrugAdministration at work.

When will we learn that the FDA is in the business of making itsgovernment owned corporations lives easier, by deregulating the rules thatgovern the food and drug industries and by allowing just about anything to becalled “edible” and “food”, while simultaneously destroying the lives of anyonewho tries to heal or cure disease without the FDA’s permission… and stealingtheir patents to boot? And now arresting farmers who transport raw milk acrossstate borders as if milk is a illicit drug?

What is it going to take to make you stand up to this beast…this tyrant?

Less fluoride, perhaps…

Clint Richardson, (realitybloger.wordpress.com),Sunday,January 8, 2012

YE ARE MANY. THEY ARE FEW

2012-01-29T08:07:00.000-08:00

Percy Bysshe Shelley

ByStewart Ogilby

January 29, 2012

Agroup of workers gathered with their families to picnic and to hear a speech.Working class trade unions were growing in strength in 1819 and the rulingclass in England was terrified. Routed by the authorities, eleven members ofthe group were killed and another one hundred and fifty were injured.

A young English poet,Percy Bysshe Shelley, was living in Italy when the news reached him.

Enraged, he isolatedhimself in a small attic room and wrote a poem in five days. When completed, hesent it to a friend for publication. At that time, publication would haveresulted in the imprisonment of both publisher and author. The Mask of Anarchy wasn’tpublished until nearly a decade after the poet’s death.

The poem resonates witheconomic ideas not seriously heard in public until years later. It has beencalled the finest poem of political protest ever written in our language.Gandhi quoted it in India. During the Tiananmen Square uprising the finalverses of its ninety-two stanzas were translated and chanted by students inBeijing, China ~

And that slaughter to the nation
Shall steam up like inspiration,
Eloquent, oracular;
A volcano heard afar.
And these words shall then become
Like oppression’s thundered doom,
Ringing through each heart and brain
Heard again, again, again ~
Rise like lions after slumber
In unvanquishable number
Shake your chains to earth like dew
Which in sleep had fallen on you.
Ye are many. They are few.

Thomas Jefferson

Our American Revolutionand the words of Thomas Jefferson terrified the ancien régime. The bloodof Parisian aristocrats ran in ditches dug for that purpose in the Place de laConcorde. After Edmund Burke’s “Reflections on the Revolution in France”appeared, many apprehensive educated persons who formerly had harboredrevolutionary thoughts launched a period of counter-revolution. Shelly was notone of them.

If read at all in today’spublic schools, Shelly is best known for Ode to the West Wind and Ozymandias.The latter, a sonnet, recounts a forgotten ruler’s hubris and the fate of hisempire.

Empire is a creature ofthose Few who are driven to exercise power financially and militarily overothers. How can the Many, whose makeup does not oblige them to seek power overothers thwart the machinations of the Few who seek control, riches, and powerand lust after more?

We already have theanswer! In his personal papers, contained in a 1798 draft of The Kentucky Resolutions,Thomas Jefferson wrote,

“…in questions of power then, let no more beheard of confidence in man, but bind him down from mischief by the chains ofthe constitution…”.

Shelley was, in manyways, a thoroughly modern man. His revolutionary poem does have avery contemporary ring to it, doesn’t it?

OH BEAUTIFUL FOR CHEMTRAILED SKIES

2012-01-28T23:34:00.000-08:00

By Zen Gardner

JUST WONDERING

January 28, 2012 3:12

Don't ya just love the new paradigm? I mean, it has so much tooffer! New skies, integrated circuits into human chemistry, molecularly alteredfake food, plants and animals, and remote control war against anyone whochallenges it. Wow!

We've got it all.

Glory. We should just lie down and sleep, it's all undercontrol. Big brother loves us in more ways than we can count and we should justsit back, relax and watch the world go by.

As in bye bye.

"Don't worry, it's all normal. Back to sleepeveryone..."

CHEMTRAILCONDITIONING CONTINUES

Even though more are aware of the chemtrail program, the PTBsdon't have any intention of letting up. Like fluoride, they think they've gotthe right concoction going on and the perfect delivery system in place for theslow and steady subjugation of mankind.

Their main challenge is to get us to accept it and not wake upto the massive extent of what they are doing to us. So their stage is theworld, and more importantly, the media.

The top picture is the new, "improved" ColumbiaPictures occult illuminist logo, replete with what looks like an atomic cloudand newly added chemtrails.

Predictive programming anyone?

Look around, you'll see these injected trails and whited outskies everywhere in the media now as if they've always been there and it's justthe way it's gonna be.

Rose Bowl creamed 1/1/11 (from StopSprayingCalifornia.com)

WHAT HAVE THEYDONE?

Here's an ad campaign that puts me over the top. It's anotherautomibile ad that works very hard to get your attention with flashy word dropsand quick moving backgrounds. But what do all the shots have in commonthroughout these carefully crafted mind blasts?

Hazy, glazy skies. Completely covered in crap, as if that's thesky of the future. Never even a peek of blue.

Dennis Leary provides the voice for the TV spots. You've seen'em. And this is what they're telling you.

GET USED TO IT!

Watch for yourself.Every sky killed.

MAKE YOU SICK?

It should. There are more and more terrific websites hostingexposés of chemtrails with ways you can take action locally in bringing this toofficials' attention. Besides posting articles as often as I can, I still stopand point them out to people whenever I'm out as I continually take pictureswith my phone and people ask me what I'm seeing.

I've pointed them out to policemen and asked if they knew whatwas going on, and so far no one genuinely seemed to have even noticed. Amazing.I got stopped in a parking lot by a cop for "acting suspiciously" fortaking pictures of the sky.

Orwell would get a kick out of all this, wouldn't he?
.

WHY ALL THIS?

Probably lots of reasons. While their declared purpose accordingto all the scientific materials on this is weather modification which is badenough, but the toxic contents of chemtrails are proven to wreck our immunesystems and generally sicken and weaken us. The combination of aluminum in thechemtrails with the fluoride in the water and our food creates aluminumfluoride which is additionally harmful. And this isn't even mentioning all theother crap they're putting in them, nor the radiation. Sheesh.

But creating this shield over our heads is very significant. Arethey trying to also affect our relationship with the Universe? With thesewonderful vibrational changes under way and these empowering influences fromthe sun and other celestial bodies and alignments, are they afraid ofsomething?

The beauty of all this is simply that they can't win. Theirlittle idiotic despotic plan is wrong in every way and cannot stand. It justcan't.

I mean, just look at this ~ they're gonnafight all this?...Ha!

Sky over Flagstaff, AZ.Maybe they don't want us to see this anymore? Fat chance!

DETOX REGULARLY

There are detoxtreatments you can find on natural medicine sites. Zeolite is highlyrecommended. Regular doses of green supplements such as chlorella and spirulinaare helpful, as well as diet high in organic vegetables and fruits and cleandetoxed water.

We're just up againstsuch nastiness it can really gets to you sometimes. I don't even like to walkthe dog after rainfall because the water is not only laden with chemtrailresidue, but now it's irradiated more and more and her little paws will soak itright in.

SPEAK UP!

Anyone else had enough ofthis bullshit?

We can each at least giveit our best shot and not remain silent! Silence is complicity. If you're afraidof what people will think of you, think what they'll think when they find outlater you could have warned them but didn't. Or what your kids will think whenthey found out you sat idly by when you knew this was going on!

Worth seriousconsideration.

Newchemtrail backdrop for Fantasy Land. Utter foolishness.

Meanwhile this insanity is woven right into the collective mindas they they continue to alter their images to tell us what to expect and becontent with.

Hang in there.

It's a rough time

but we were allborn

for exactly this.

Be conscious, act conscious.

"Theremust be some way out of here," said the joker to the thief,
"There's too much confusion, I can't get no relief.
Businessmen, they drink my wine, plowmen dig my earth,
None of them along the line know what any of it is worth."

"No reason to get excited," the thief, he kindly spoke,
"There are many here among us who feel that life is but a joke.
But you and I, we've been through that, and this is not our fate,
So let us not talk falsely now, the hour is getting late."

All along the watchtower, princes kept the view
While all the women came and went, barefoot servants, too.
Outside in the distance a wildcat did growl,
Two riders were approaching, the wind began to howl.

(Bob Dylan, All Along the Watchtower)

Love, Zen

www.zengardner.com

PS from Pink Floyd: "Goodbye Blue Sky".

TODAY'S IMAGE: JANUARY 28, 2012

2012-01-28T19:48:00.000-08:00

THE WOODCUTTER by Homer Winslow

BLACKS AND JEWS ~ FACTS & QUOTES

2012-01-28T12:12:00.000-08:00

ABOUT CIVIL RIGHTS

Al Jolson

DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.

"A special andunique relationship to Jews"

When we were working inChicago, we had numerous rent strikes on the West Side, and it wasunfortunately true that, in most instances, the persons we had to conduct thesestrikes against were Jewish landlords. There was a time when the West Side ofChicago was a Jewish ghetto, and when the Jewish community started moving outinto other areas, they still owned the property there, and all of the problemsof the landlord came into being.

We were living in a slumapartment owned by a Jew and a number of others, and we had to have a rentstrike. We were paying $94 for four run-down, shabby rooms, and we would go outon our open housing marches on Gage Park and other places and we discoveredthat whites with five sanitary, nice, new rooms, apartments with five rooms,were paying only $78 a month. We were paying 20 percent tax.

The Negro ends up payinga color tax, and this has happened in instances where Negroes actuallyconfronted Jews as the landlord or the storekeeper. The irrational statementsthat have been made are the result of these confrontations.

Clayborne Carson, ed., The Autobiography of Martin Luther King, Jr. (New York:Warner Books, 1998), p. 309.

BLACK SLAVERY

RABBI MARC LEE RAPHAEL

"Jews also took anactive part in the Dutch colonial slave trade; indeed, the bylaws of the Recifeand Mauricia congregations (1648) included an imposta (Jewish tax) of fivesoldos for each Negro slave a Brazilian Jew purchased from the West IndiesCompany. Slave auctions were postponed if they fell on a Jewish holiday. InCuracao in the seventeenth century, as well as in the British colonies of Barbadosand Jamaica in the eighteenth century, Jewish merchants played a major role inthe slave trade. In fact, in all the American colonies, whether French(Martinique), British, or Dutch, Jewish merchants frequently dominated.

"This was no less true on the North American mainland, where during theeighteenth century Jews participated in the 'triangular trade' that broughtslaves from Africa to the West Indies and there exchanged them for molasses,which in turn was taken to New England and converted into rum for sale inAfrica. Isaac Da Costa of Charleston in the 1750's, David Franks ofPhiladelphia in the 1760's, and Aaron Lopez of Newport in the late 1760's andearly 1770's dominated Jewish slave trading on the American continent."

Rabbi Dr. Marc LeeRaphael is the editor (since 1988) of American Jewish History, the journal ofthe American Jewish Historical Society at Brandeis University in Massachusetts.He has been Rabbi of Bet Aviv in Columbia, MD since 1998.He is also the Nathan and Sophia Gumenick Professor of Judaic Studies,Professor of Religious Studies and Chairman of the Department of ReligiousStudies at The College of William and Mary.

DR. IRA ROSENWAIKE

"In Charleston, Richmond and Savannah the large majority (overthree-fourths) of the Jewish households contained one or more slaves; inBaltimore, only one out of three households were slaveholding; in New York, oneout of eighteen....Among the slaveholding households the median number ofslaves owned ranged from five in Savannah to one in New York."

"TheJewish Population in 1820," in Abraham J. Karp, ed., The Jewish Experiencein America: Selected Studies from the Publications of the American JewishHistorical Society (Waltham, Massachusetts, 1969, 3 volumes), volume 2, pp. 2,17, 19.

DR. CECIL ROTH

"The Jews of the Joden Savanne [Surinam] were also foremost in thesuppression of the successive negro revolts, from 1690 to 1722: these as amatter of fact were largely directed against them, as being the greatestslave-holders of the region."

History of the Marranos(Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932), p. 292.

DR. ABRAHAM J. PECK,AMERICAN JEWISH ARCHIVES

“The first two centuries ofthe Black-Jewish encounter in America were highlighted by a fairly extensiverecord of Jewish slave-holding. Indeed, during the colonial period, in thesmall Jewish community of the time, almost every Jewish household of any form,North or South, possessed at least one slave.”

From the exhibit “Blacksand Jews: The American Experience: 1654-1992,” presented by Hebrew UnionCollege, Jewish Institute of Religion, the American Jewish Archives, and theAmerica Jewish Committee.

JACOB RADER MARCUS

"All through theeighteenth century, into the early nineteenth, Jews in the North were to ownblack servants; in the South, the few plantations owned by Jews were tilledwith slave labor.

"In 1820, over 75 percent of all Jewish families inCharleston, Richmond, and Savannah owned slaves, employed as domestic servants;almost 40 percent of all Jewish householders in the United States owned one slaveor more. There were no protests against slavery as such by Jews in the South,where they were always outnumbered at least 100 to 1....But very few Jewsanywhere in the United States protested against chattel slavery on moralgrounds." ~ United States Jewry, 1776-1985 (Detroit: Wayne State UniversityPress, 1989), p. 586.

Marcus describes the mockery of the Indian by Hyam Myer's "Wild WestShow" in his book, The Colonial American Jew:

"[Myer sought] formal permission to exhibit some Mohawks in Europe. Myerssailed with the Indians before the proper certificate was forthcoming from theIndian Commissioner, and had already begun to parade them in Holland and in thetaverns of London when the Lords of Trade urged Lieutenant-Governor CadwalladerColden in New York to have Johnson put an end to the undertaking. From allindications Myers made no money on his grand European tour, for he ended upowing the Indians money ~ or refusing to pay them. Then, as now, there was"no business like show business!"

RABBI ISAAC MAYER WISE

the leader of the American Reform Jews, wrote of the CaliforniaIndians:

"...though not total savages, [they] are very primitive andignorant....[They do] nothing besides loafing and begging....They catch troutin the river, and then sell them to buy ammunition, shoot rabbits, birds, eatvarious roots and wild plants, also snakes, frogs, dogs, cats, and rats, andsay, 'Me work no.' In conversation with several of them I found that they haveno particular home and are heathens."

REP. JULIUS KAHN

In turn-of-the-century San Francisco the 12-term Congressman Julius Kahn was aJew who was affiliated with Temple Emanu El. "The oath to theJapanese," he said, "would be but a hollow mockery, an emptyformality signifying nothing. We do not want that kind of citizenship, and wedo not intend to have it, if we can prevent it."

He spoke vehementlyagainst Japanese immigration and naturalization even as Jews pushed mightilyfor Eastern European immigration. The early 1900 saw passage of the ChineseExclusion Acts which were enthusiastically supported by Kahn and hisconstituents. He was such an advocate that the Acts were called the KahnExclusion Acts.

THE AMERICAN AND FOREIGNANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETY REPORT OF 1853

"The Jews of the United States have never taken any steps whatever withregard to the slavery question. As citizens, they deem it their policy to haveevery one choose which ever side he may deem best to promote his own interestsand the welfare of his country. They have no organization of an ecclesiasticalbody to represent their general views; no General Assembly, or its equivalent.

"The American Jews have two newspapers, but they do not interfere in anydiscussion which is not material to their religion. It cannot be said that theJews have formed any denominational opinion on the subject of Americanslavery....The objects of so much mean prejudice and unrighteous oppression asthe Jews have been for ages, surely they, it would seem, more than any otherdenomination, ought to be the enemies of caste, and friends of universalfreedom."

RABBI BERTRAM W. KORN

"It would seem to berealistic to conclude that any Jew who could afford to own slaves and had needfor their services would do so....Jews participated in every aspect and processof the exploitation of the defenseless blacks."

From “Jews and NegroSlavery in the Old South, 1789-1865," Dr. Korn is a rabbi, historian withdegrees from Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, Cincinnati.

DR. LOUIS EPSTEIN, AUTHOR OFSEX LAWS AND CUSTOMS IN JUDAISM:

"The female slave was a sex tool beneath the level of moralconsiderations. She was an economic good, useful, in addition to her meniallabor, for breeding more slaves. To attain that purpose, the master mated herpromiscuously according to his breeding plans. The master himself and his sonsand other members of his household took turns with her for the increase of thefamily wealth, as well as for satisfaction of their extra-marital sex desires.Guests and neighbors too were invited to that luxury."

DR. SEYMOUR B. LIEBMAN

"They came with ships carrying African blacks to be sold as slaves. Thetraffic in slaves was a royal monopoly, and the Jews were often appointed asagents for the Crown in their sale....[They] were the largest ship chandlers inthe entire Caribbean region, where the shipping business was mainly a Jewishenterprise....The ships were not only owned by Jews, but were manned by Jewishcrews and sailed under the command of Jewish captains."

New World Jewry 1493-1825: Requiem for the Forgotten (KTAV, New York, 1982),pp. 170, 183. [Liebman is an attorney; LL.B., St. Lawrence University, 1929;M.A. (Latin American history), Mexico City College, 1963; Florida chapterAmerican Jewish Historical Society, 1956-58; Friends of Hebrew University,1958-59; American Historical Society Contributor to scholarly journals onJewish history.

DR. HERBERT I. BLOOM

"The Christian inhabitants [of Brazil] were envious because the Jews ownedsome of the best plantations in the river valley of Pernambuco and were amongthe leading slave-holders and slave traders in the colony."1

"Slave trade [sic]was one of the most important Jewish activities here [in Surinam] as elsewherein the colonies."2

1. "A Study of Brazilian Jewish History 1623-1654, Based Chiefly Upon theFindings of the Late Samuel Oppenheim," Publications of the AmericanJewish Historical Society, vol. 33 (1934), p. 63.

2. The Economic Activitiesof the Jews of Amsterdam in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (PortWashington, New York/London: Kennikat Press, 1937), p. 159.

[Bloom is a rabbi withdegrees from Columbia University, Jewish Institute of Religion]

DR. ARNOLD WIZNITZER

"The West India Company, which monopolized imports of slaves from Africa,sold slaves at public auctions against cash payment. It happened that cash wasmostly in the hands of Jews. The buyers who appeared at the auctions werealmost always Jews, and because of this lack of competitors they could buyslaves at low prices. On the other hand, there also was no competition in theselling of the slaves to the plantation owners and other buyers, and most ofthem purchased on credit payable at the next harvest in sugar. Profits up to300 percent of the purchase value were often realized with high interestrates....If it happened that the date of such an auction fell on a Jewishholiday the auction had to be postponed. This occurred on Friday, October 21,1644."

Jews in Colonial Brazil (1960), pp. 72-3; [Note: Wiznitzer, Arnold Aharon,educator; Born in Austria, December 20, 1899; Ph.D., University of Vienna,1920; Doctor of Hebrew Literature, Jewish Theological Seminary of America;Emeritus research professor, University of Judaism, Los Angeles; Contributor tohistorical journals in the United States and Brazil including the Journal ofJewish Social Studies and the Publications of the American Jewish HistoricalSociety. Former president, Brazilian-Jewish Institute of Historical Research.]

RABBI MORRIS RAPHALL

"[I]t remains a factwhich cannot be gainsaid that in his own native home, and generally throughoutthe world, the unfortunate negro is indeed the meanest of slaves. Much had beensaid respecting the inferiority of his intellectual powers, and that no man ofhis race has ever inscribed his name on the Parthenon of human excellence,either mental or moral."

JEWS IN THE SOUTH

DR. W.E.B. DUBOIS, FUTURE NAACP LEADER

"The Jew is the heirof the slave-baron in Dougherty [Georgia]; and as we ride westward, by widestretching cornfields and stubby orchards of peach and pear, we see on allsides within the circle of dark forest a Land of Canaan. Here and there are talesof projects for moneygetting, born in the swift days ofReconstruction'improvement' companies, wine companies, mills and factories;nearly all failed, and the Jew fell heir."

The Souls of Black Folk(1903) note: When DuBois tried to republish the book in 1953, he succumbed topressure to replace the word "Jew" with "foreigner."

JEWISH RACISM

RABBI MOSES MAIMONIDES

The Encyclopedia of theJewish Religion refers to Moses Maimonides as "the symbol of the pure andorthodox faith." His Guide to the Perplexed is considered the greatestwork of Jewish religious philosophy, but his view of Blacks was Hitlerian:

"[T]he Negroes found in the remote South, and those who resemble them fromamong them that are with us in these climes. The status of those is like thatof irrational animals. To my mind they do not have the rank of men, but haveamong the beings a rank lower than the rank of man but higher than the rank ofapes. For they have the external shape and lineaments of a man and a faculty ofdiscernment that is superior to that of the apes."

Philadelphia Jewish weekly TheJewish Record of January 23, 1863:

"We know not how to speak in the same breath of the Negro and theIsraelite. The very names have startlingly opposite sounds onerepresenting all that is debased and inferior in the hopeless barbarity andheathenism of six thousand years the other, the days when Jehovah conferred onour fathers the glorious equality which led the Eternal to converse with them,and allow them to enjoy the communion of angels. Thus the abandoned fanaticsinsult the choice of God himself, in endeavoring to reverse the inferioritywhich he stamped on the African, to make him the compeer, even in bondage, ofHis chosen people.

"There is no parallel between such races. Humanity from pole to pole wouldscout such a comparison. The Hebrew was originally free and the charter of hisliberty was inspired by his Creator. The Negro was never free and his bondagein Africa was simply duplicated in a milder form when he was importedhere....The judicious in all the earth agree that to proclaim the African equalto the surrounding races, would be a farce which would lead the civilizedconservatism of the world to denounce the outrage."

A RABBI,1956

"What our friends in the North do not fully appreciate is the fact thatthere is no difference between most of the Jews and their Christian neighbors intheir attitudes toward the Negro. This is not a by-product of antisemitism, butan honest conviction. For these Jews desegregation presents not merely a schoolproblem, but also a problem of the mixing of races."

MAJOR MORDECAI MANUEL NOAH(1785-1851)

He was considered themost distinguished Jewish layman in his time. He was such a prolific proponentof slavery, that the first Black American periodical, The Freedom's Journal,was launched in response to Noah's racist propaganda. He actually defendedslavery by calling it liberty:

"There is liberty under the name of slavery. A field negro has hiscottage, his wife, and children, his easy task, his little patch of corn andpotatoes, his garden and fruit, which are his revenue and property. The houseservant has handsome clothing, his luxurious meals, his admitted privacy, akind master, and an indulgent and frequently fond mistress."

He argued that "the bonds of society must be kept as they now are"and that "To emancipate the slaves would be to jeopardize the safety ofthe whole country." The Freedom's Journal called Noah the Black man's"bitterest enemy" and William Lloyd Garrison, the leading Whiteabolitionist, called him the "lineal descendant of the monsters who nailedJesus to the cross."

JEWS AND HOLLYWOOD

ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUECHARTER

"For a number of years a tendency has manifested itself in American lifetoward the caricaturing and defaming of Jews on the stage, in moving pictures.The effect of this on the unthinking public has been to create an untrue andinjurious impression of an entire people and to expose the Jew to undeservedcontempt, and ridicule. The caricatures center around some idiosyncrasy of thefew which, by the thoughtless public, is often taken as a pivotalcharacteristic of the entire people..."

NEAL GABLER

Author of An Empire of Their Own: How the Jews invented Hollywood:

"What is amazing is the extent to which they succeeded in promulgatingthis fiction throughout the world. By making a "shadow" America, onewhich idealized every old glorifying bromide about the country, the HollywoodJews created a powerful cluster of images and ideas-so powerful that, in asense, they colonized the American imagination....Ultimately, American valuescame to be defined largely by the movies the Jews made."

DR. LESTER D. FRIEDMAN

Author of Hollywood's Image of the Jew:

"Today, most people associate the blackface tradition with minstrel shows,and more particularly with Al Jolson. In actuality, many Jewish performers gainedearly and continued success using it. Sophie Tucker was billed as the 'WorldRenowned Coon Shouter' or more euphemistically as the 'Manipulator of CoonMelodies.'

"Eddie Cantor played Salome in drag and blackface, while George Burnsoften toured with an even more comically stylized blackface than Jolson's.Later George Jessel often joined Eddie Cantor on stage in various blackfaceroutines..

"Indeed, it is too easy to ignore the derogatory aspects of suchactivities, the unconscious racism accepted and nourished by such cruelparodies, by citing historical contexts. The undisguised elements of ridiculein such blackface portrayals by Jews mimicking the outlandish stereotypes ofblacks now looks suspiciously like one group's desperate need to assert its ownsuperiority by mimicking another. Such a motivation while perhaps unconsciousis nonetheless hard to ignore."

ROB REINER

Film Director, onHollywood in 1992:

"It's all run byJews, even Disney. That's funny, because Walt Disney was a terriblereactionary. If he found out that Jeffrey Katzenberg were running his company,he'd be spinning in his grave. That's a wonderful bit of poetic justice."

THE REAL ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUE

B'NAI B'RITH MAGAZINE, MAY,1925, VOL. 39 :

Darktown

Rastus: Whuffo' yo' 'jeculate yoself to me in dat onery manner?

Cicero: Whoffo'? Nigguh, who do yo' calkerate yo' is?

Rastus: Yo' nigguh! mah family am quality folks an' ahm a pusson of rank.

Cicero: Huh! ah'll have yo' triflin', Rastus, to know that ah'm ranker than youis.

"Jokes" likethese appeared regularly in the B'nai B'rith Magazine even as the ADL foughtthis kind of defamation of Jews. In photo is ADL current "leader"Abraham "Bull" Foxman.

ANDREW GOODMAN

"...it is true thatthe white man (and by this I mean Christian civilization in general) has provedhimself to be the most depraved devil imaginable in his attitudes towards theNegro race....The source and cause of this need for reaction can be attributedto white contempt and neglect. The historical contempt that the white race heldfor the Negroes has created a group of rootless degraded people. The currentneglect of the problem can only irritate this deplorable state of affairs.

"TheBlack Muslims should constitute a warning to our society, a warning that mustbe heeded if we are to preserve the society. The road to freedom must beuphill, even if it is arduous and frustrating. A people must have dignity andidentity. If they can't do it peacefully, they will do it defensively."

SHERMAN LABOVITZ

“Most Blacks seem moreconcerned with separatism as a means toward goals of group identity, grouppride, and local control, and as an intervening stage leading to theself-respect, autonomy, and power believed to be prerequisite before meaningfulintegration within a truly pluralistic society can occur.

“In theory, theseconcepts are part of a philosophical commitment with which few Jews couldquarrel. In fact, a persuasive argument might be presented to demonstrate howeven a similar tactical approach to Jewish survival has been successfullyapplied and has resulted in the current positive position and status of theAmerican Jewish community. However, Black attempts to operationalize theseconcepts have raised sharply the question of the degree to which Jews here andnow remain committed to that philosophical stance.”

CHARLES SILBERMAN

“Negro slavery in theUnited States was completely unlike slavery in any other part of the globe andin any other period of history, for slavery completely severed the Negro fromhis past and from his culture. And make no mistake about it, Negroes did comefrom societies with cultures of a very high order.) This never happened to theJews; neither slavery nor persecution destroyed our history, or religion, orour culture."

JEWS IN THE BLACK GHETTO

Long before Minister Farrakhan made any reference to this phenomenon Jack NusanPorter, a Jewish sociologist was very clear about it in his article entitled"Mr. Goldberg and John Henry: The Relationship Between Afro-Americans andAmerican Jews":

“The common stereotype ofJews owning the businesses in Black ghettos is based on solid evidence, notfantasy. Jews in the East and Midwest own a disproportionate number ofbusinesses in Black areas. [Two Jewish researchers have shown] that some 40percent of the stores are owned by Jews. [Another] study of 458 merchants in 15cities (14 of the largest plus Gary, Indiana but not including Los Angeles,Miami, Houston, or any other Southern city) had the following religiousbreakdown of retail merchants: 37.9% were Jewish; 36.0% were Protestant; and22.9% were Catholic... The breakdown by religion, when race is considered,increases the number: 51.3% of the white merchants are Jewish; 18.7% areProtestant; and 27.0% are Catholic."

ELIE WEISEL, HATE TEACHER

"There is a time tolove and a time to hate; whoever does not hate when he should does not deserveto love when he should, does not deserve to love when he is able. Perhaps, hadwe learned to hate more during the years of ordeal, fate itself would have takenfright. The Germans did their best to teach us, but we were poor pupils in thediscipline of hate...

"Every Jew, somewhere in his being, should set apart azone of hate ~ healthy, virile hate ~ for what the German personifies and forwhat persists in the German. To do otherwise would be a betrayal of thedead."

LEGENDS OF OUR TIME (1968),PP.177-78:

Compare and contrastwith...

ADOLF HITLER

Hitler HATED Black people. His comments are included for the reader to compareto the many Jewish notables discussed here. Here is a sampling of AdolfHitler's beliefs about the Black African:

"It does not dawnupon this depraved bourgeois world that here one has actually to do with a sinagainst all reason; that it is a criminal absurdity to train a born half-apeuntil one believes a lawyer has been made of him, while millions of members ofthe highest culture race have to remain in entirely unworthy positions; that itis a sin against the will of the eternal Creator to let hundreds and hundredsof thousands of His most talented beings degenerate in the proletarian swamp oftoday, while Hottentots and Zulu Kafirs are trained for intellectual vocations.For it is training, exactly as that of the poodle, and not a scientific'education'."

"In the most critical hour of our people, in the moment when we,practically abandoned by all the world, made defenseless by our own fault, haveto watch France setting out to occupy new territories, while African negroesrape our women and children,..."

"The black disgrace works havoc on the Rhine. Women, girls and childrenpay for the bestial negroes' lust with their death. An uninterrupted stream ofpoison and disease flows into the blood of our people. Moroccan syphilis drivesthousands of victims towards a cruel death..."

"All great cultures of the past perished only because the originallycreative race died off through blood poisoning."

"...and one seeks compensation by success with Hottentots and Zulu Kafirs,with the blessing of the Church. While our European peoples, the Lord bepraised and thanked, fall into a state of physical and moral leprosy, the piousmissionary wanders to Central Africa and establishes negro missions, till thereour 'higher culture' will have turned healthy, though primitive and inferior,human children into a foul breed of bastards."

"What we see before us of human culture today, the results of art,science, and techniques, is almost exclusively the creative produce of theAryan....Without this possibility of utilizing inferior men, the Aryan wouldnever have been able to take the first steps towards his later culture; exactlyas, without the help of various suitable animals which he knew how to tame, hewould never have arrived at a technology which now allows him to do withoutthese very animals. The words 'Der Mohr hat seine Schuldigkeit getan, er kanngehen' (The Moor has done his duty, he may go) has [sic] unfortunately too deepa meaning."

DR. ROBERT A. ROCKAWAY

Senior lecturer in the Department of Jewish History at Tel AvivUniversity.

"After the firstWorld War, Jewish Gangsters became major figures in the American underworld andplayed prominent roles in the creation and extension of organized crime in theUnited States. During Prohibition fifty percent of the leading bootleggers wereJews, and Jewish criminals financed and directed much of the nations narcoticstraffic. Jews also dominated illicit activities in a number of America'slargest cities, including Boston, Cleveland, Detroit, Minneapolis, New York,and Philadelphia."

MALCOLM X

"Let me say just a wordabout the Jew and the black man. The Jew is always anxious to advise the blackman. But he never advises him how to solve the problem the way the Jews solvedtheir problem.

"The Jew never went sitting in and crawling in and sliding in andfreedom riding, like he teaches and helps Negroes to do. The Jews stood up, andstood together, and they used their ultimate power, the economic weapon.
"That'sexactly what the Honorable Elijah Muhammad is trying to teach black men to do.TheJews pooled their money and bought hotels that barred them. They boughtAtlantic City and Miami Beach and anything else they wanted.
"Who ownsHollywood? Who runs the garment industry, the largest industry in New YorkCity? But the Jew that's advising the Negro joins the NAACP, CORE, the UrbanLeague, and others. With money donations, the Jew gains control, then he sendsthe black man doing all this wading in, boring in, even burying in ~ everythingbut buying in. Never shows him how to set up factories and hotels. Neveradvises him how to own what he wants. No, when there's something worth owning,the Jew's got it.”

PROF. SELWYN CUDJOE:

The position thenis very clear, Zionism is racist, it is colonial and perforce expansionist...itconstitutes an intolerable and repulsive ideological position that isdetrimental to peace in the world. It must be equated with South Africanapartheid."

Wellesley College Prof.Selwyn Cudjoe in the Trinidad Guardian, 1975, as quoted in the TrinidadGuardian, May 22, 2000, p.13. Cudjoe was the "responsible"negro-on-duty representing the Jews at Wellesley College in their attack onProf. Tony Martin. His shameless angling for Jewish rewards is now exposed.

JESUS CHRIST

Joh:8:31: Then said Jesusto those Jews which believed on him, If ye continue in my word, then are ye mydisciples indeed;

Joh:8:32: And ye shallknow the truth, and the truth shall make you free.

Joh:8:33: They answeredhim, We be Abraham's seed, and were never in bondage to any man: how sayestthou, Ye shall be made free?

Joh:8:34: Jesus answeredthem, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Whosoever committeth sin is the servantof sin.

Joh:8:35: And the servantabideth not in the house for ever: but the Son abideth ever.

Joh:8:36: If the Sontherefore shall make you free, ye shall be free indeed.

Joh:8:37: I know that yeare Abraham's seed; but ye seek to kill me, because my word hath no place inyou.

Joh:8:38: I speak thatwhich I have seen with my Father: and ye do that which ye have seen with yourfather.

Joh:8:39: They answeredand said unto him, Abraham is our father. Jesus saith unto them, If ye wereAbraham's children, ye would do the works of Abraham.

Joh:8:40: But now ye seekto kill me, a man that hath told you the truth, which I have heard of God: thisdid not Abraham.

Joh:8:41: Ye do the deedsof your father. Then said they to him, We be not born of fornication; we have oneFather, even God.

Joh:8:42: Jesus said untothem, If God were your Father, ye would love me: for I proceeded forth and camefrom God; neither came I of myself, but he sent me.

Joh:8:43: Why do ye notunderstand my speech? even because ye cannot hear my word.

Joh:8:44: Ye are of yourfather the devil, and the lusts of your father ye will do. He was a murdererfrom the beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth inhim. When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own: for he is a liar, and thefather of it.

Joh:8:45: And because Itell you the truth, ye believe me not.

Joh:8:46: Which of youconvinceth me of sin? And if I say the truth, why do ye not believe me?

Joh:8:47: He that is ofGod heareth God's words: ye therefore hear them not, because ye are not of God.

Joh:8:48: Then answeredthe Jews, and said unto him, Say we not well that thou art a Samaritan, andhast a devil?

Joh:8:49: Jesus answered,I have not a devil; but I honour my Father, and ye do dishonour me.

Joh:8:50: And I seek notmine own glory: there is one that seeketh and judgeth.

Joh:8:51: Verily, verily,I say unto you, If a man keep my saying, he shall never see death.

Joh:8:52: Then said theJews unto him, Now we know that thou hast a devil. Abraham is dead, and theprophets; and thou sayest, If a man keep my saying, he shall never taste ofdeath.

Joh:8:53: Art thougreater than our father Abraham, which is dead? and the prophets are dead: whommakest thou thyself?

Joh:8:54: Jesus answered,If I honour myself, my honour is nothing: it is my Father that honoureth me; ofwhom ye say, that he is your God:

Joh:8:55: Yet ye have notknown him; but I know him: and if I should say, I know him not, I shall be aliar like unto you: but I know him, and keep his saying.

Joh:8:56: Your fatherAbraham rejoiced to see my day: and he saw it, and was glad.

Joh:8:57: Then said theJews unto him, Thou art not yet fifty years old, and hast thou seen Abraham?

Joh:8:58: Jesus said untothem, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Before Abraham was, I am.

Joh:8:59: Then took theyup stones to cast at him: but Jesus hid himself, and went out of the temple,going through the midst of them, and so passed by.

Dr. Ralph A. Austen ofthe University of Chicago candidly described one instance in 1994 of how Blacksand Jews in a scholarly setting collaborated in obfuscating the true nature ofthe historical relationship. Prof. Austen describes a faculty luncheon at theUniversity of Chicago Hillel House, where he and Black historian John HopeFranklin, gave a talk on the American Jewish community in thenineteenth-century South. His words are revealing and instructive:

After the formal presentation, a member of the audience asked a question aboutSouthern Jewish participation in the debate on slavery. As I remember it,Franklin replied that he did not know too much about the subject. I recall veryclearly one of the Hillel regulars remarking that since many of the early SouthernJews were Sephardim who had fled Spanish and Portuguese persecution, they musthave been sympathetic to the plight of Black slaves.

I remember this statementbecause it was allowed to pass without comment, although John Hope Franklin andI (we discussed it afterwards) were both aware that Sephardi Jews in the NewWorld had been heavily involved in the African slave trade. Why did twoprofessional historians in a university setting hesitate to provide ourcolleagues with such an important piece of information? I cannot answer forFranklin but I, as a Jew sitting in a Jewish institution that was entertainingan African-American guest, felt that pointing out the role of Jews in thehistory of Black slavery would, in this context, have constituted something ofa betrayal. I did not want to undermine the sense of solidarity between the twocommunities which had been reinforced by Franklin's very presence, as well asthrough his references to our common confrontation with white Gentile Southernbigots.

Franklin and I, in effect, were condoning a benign historical myth: that theshared liberal agenda of twentieth-century Blacks and Jews has a pedigree goingback through the entire remembered past. Avodim hayinu! We, the Jews, had alsoexperienced history on the side of the enslaved and always cried out in anguishagainst the oppression of the enslavers.

For better or worse, itis no longer possible to maintain that this myth has any but the most abstractbearing on the facts of our pre-emancipation relationship with Africans andtheir New World descendants. Jewish students of Jewish history have known itwas untrue and, over several decades, have produced a significant body ofscholarship detailing the involvement of our ancestors in the Atlantic slave tradeand Pan-American slavery. Until recently, this work remained buried inscholarly journals, read only by other specialists. It had never beensynthesized in a publication for a non-scholarly audience. A book of this sorthas now appeared, however, written not by Jews but by an anonymous group ofAfrican Americans associated with the Reverend Louis Farrakhan's Nation ofIslam.

BLACK/JEWISH RELATIONS ~1730

Jewish Captain MosesNaar, in his seventeenth attack against the freedom seeking Africans, "burneddown a whole negro village [and] made a number of captives." Naar andGabriel de La Fatte were presented with silver cups "in recognition oftheir active zeal in suppressing a revolt of the negroes in their colony."But silver cups did not suffice and instead they severed the hands of theBlacks which were then used by Jews as trophies.

For much more on this topic, see TheSecret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews, Vol. 1.

JEWISH PERSPECTIVE ~ 1900

SIMON WOLF

"The Jews first madeuse of letters of credit. We all know that the first bankers of theworld ~ Rothschilds ~ are Jews; we know they control not only the money market,but also the political destiny of the European world; and one thing can betruthfully said ~ they never mix their religion with other people's money. Evenour loans were taken principally by Jews; but mercantile enterprises owe a vastdebt to the Jew. You need but look at the streets of the principal cities ofthe world on Jewish holidays, and you will at once see that trade is inmourning; the busy hum is hushed; everything is languid; the active brain, thequick, nervous decision, the daring, yet cautious, speculator is absent. Lookat Spain and Ireland, and then at England, France, Germany and the United States; and yet thisvery activity is made a weapon of attack."

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