ED Noor: Fagin is a fictional character who appears as an
antagonist of the Charles Dickens novel Oliver Twist,
referred to in the preface of the novel as a "receiver of stolen
goods", but referred to more frequently within the actual story as the
"merry old gentleman" or simply the "Jew".He is described
as unsavory, the ”villainous-looking and sinister” Jewish moneylender.
Fagin is referred to as “the Jew” 257 times throughout the
first two-thirds of the novel, often in the context of him doing
something nasty, salivating
over his gold, or beating poor Oliver. Perhaps his “school for
boys” was not so off the mark.
The Talmud, the most revered tome in the Jewish
religion, makes it very clear how a good Jew is to treat the gentile. Most are
aware of the major quotes regarding theft, enslavement, etc of non Jews.
The
Talmud also proclaims the infallibility of the Rabbis even when it comes to God
who, according to rabbinical lore, bows to their wisdom in debate. The cult of
the rabbi in Jewish society cannot be ignored; their power is great enough that
within their communities even the most heinous of crimes are covered up at the
expense of the victims.
When arch thief Bernie Madoff robbed billions from
goy investors, the world was appalled. When he robbed from JEWS including miracle
worker Saint Eli Weisel, we were expected to be doubly shocked and appalled.
Not only that, the myth was maintained that only extremely rogue criminals
robbed from their own kind, fellow Jews and as a result reviled for preying on their
own people.
According to the following historical research, Jews have been preying upon each other for centuries at the very least.
According to the following historical research, Jews have been preying upon each other for centuries at the very least.
When it comes to slavery and prostitution of gentile
nations and peoples by Jews over the centuries, the literature has only
reluctantly covered the Jewish exploitation of gentile females. It was
intimated that, although Jewish women were highly involved in brothels and
prostitution, it was from choice not coercion. It seems, that is not the case
and all females, Jewish or otherwise were potential victims if they were from
the lower strata of society.
It is no surprise to find that criminality is
part of the hidden history of the Jewish people; there is a reason why these
folk have been forced to leave almost every society which they have tried to
infiltrate in the past.
And here we have proof ~ from a Jewish researcher
and posted in Ha’aretz ~ of just how entrenched criminal behavior is in the
elite levels of Jewish society.
By Kobi Ben-Simhon
Ha´aretz (Israel)
October 28, 2004
The
market square in a Jewish village in Poland. Jewish mobsters used underhanded
methods to kidnap poor Jewish girls and forced them to work as prostitutes..
Basing his conclusions on carefully culled scraps of evidence, historian Mordechai Zalkin states that until World War II, the underworld in Warsaw, Vilna, Odessa and other large cities was controlled largely by Jewish syndicates.
By 'our' people.
He takes them out with two hands and makes
room for them. The stories are spread on the table. Historian Motti Zalkin
looks at the dozens of documents that he has brought up to his fifth-floor
office and smiles. The characters who form the background of the history of the
Jewish people are enfolded in photocopied pages, waiting for it to happen. He
prefers the small-scale histories, Zalkin says. He is a historian who doesn't
like to deal with the central currents.
Dr. Mordechai Zalkin, senior lecturer in the
Department of the History of the Jewish People at Ben-Gurion University of the
Negev in Be'er Sheva, is sitting opposite shelves crammed with books. On the
top shelf is a hefty collection of vodka bottles that he has brought back from
his travels, during which he looked for documentary material on Jewish criminal
organizations in Eastern Europe.
His studies indicate that until World War II,
the underworld in Warsaw, Vilna, Odessa and other large cities was controlled
largely by Jewish syndicates.
By "our"
people.
Outside his office, workers are dragging a
table along the corridor and whispering. The corridor goes on like an endless
pipe, winding through a vast concrete structure, which preserves an academic
silence, a late-afternoon tranquility. Zalkin takes the conversation into the
backyard of Jewish history, in mid-19th and early-20th century Eastern Europe.
He spends a lot of his time there, trying to apprehend Jewish criminals who
know no God.
MYSTERY MAN
The mystery surrounding the identity of
"harodef hane'alam" (literally, the "pursuer who
disappeared") remains intact. The so-called "pursuer" belonged
to the realm of institutionalized crimes that were perpetrated in the Jewish
communities of Eastern Europe 150 years ago. His identity was one of the
communities' best-kept secrets. His task: to hire mercenary killers to operate
against people who threatened the community. He was chosen from within a small
leadership group and only the group's members knew his identity. The local
leadership entrusted him with responsibility for the community's internal
security.
This man left behind a great many traces and
thereby became an intriguing Jewish legend. "Every community of the time
had its informers," Dr. Zalkin says.
"It was a profession ~ just as there was a rabbi and a shoemaker, there was also an informer. As long as the informing concerned only `small' matters, everything proceeded smoothly ~ the informer earned his pay and nothing happened. The problem arose when the informers gave the authorities information that was liable to harm the integrity of the community concretely."
This was why the communities established a
security apparatus headed by an official anonymous "pursuer."
There is very little documentation on the subject, Zalkin notes:
There is very little documentation on the subject, Zalkin notes:
"The Slonim community in White Russia inserted regulations concerning the `pursuer who disappeared' into their charter. The man's position is also mentioned in the ledger of the Minsk community.“In 1836 the body of a Jew was found in the river next to the town of Oshitz, in the Ukraine. The investigation turned up the fact that his name was Yitzhak Oxman. He was an informer, usually passing on information about Jews who evaded military service or tax payments.“Some people in the community decided that Oxman had gone too far and that he, along with another Jew, Shmuel Schwartzman, had to be liquidated. The police investigation got nowhere. No one in the community revealed who gave the order to murder the two Jews, but the person responsible was probably the unknown 'pursuer.'"
In another case, a member of the Jewish
community broke under police interrogation, revealing the existence of the
secret apparatus. Hirsch Ben Wolf,
whose father was a well-known rabbi in Vilna, left home and converted to
Christianity. The view was that a convert was liable to endanger the community
he sprang from, so it was decided to kidnap Ben Wolf.
Zalkin: "In the police investigation one of the Jews testified that there was an apparatus within the community with the power to harm people and even to do away with them."
While the "pursuer" remained in the
shadows, Jewish underworld figures roamed the streets without fear. Everyone
knew them, they even entered Jewish literature. In his work, "In the Vale
of Tears," Mendele Mocher Sforim
(penname of Shalom Jacob Abramovitsch,
1835 ~ 1917) provides an exceptional description of one type of Jewish criminal
organization, cruel and dark.
In the novel Jewish mobsters use underhanded methods to kidnap Jewish girls from poor, remote towns and then force them to work as prostitutes.
This was a fairly common phenomenon. The
Jewish society described here by Mendele is perverted and rotten.
Sixteen-year-old Biela, from the town of Kavtsiel, falls victim to this
well-oiled scheme. She was promised work in a household and one of the
prostitutes explains what she must do:
"The virgins of Kavtsiel are in demand
here, and if they are clever and know why they are in demand, they end up
getting rich and everyone is happy." The innocent Biela doesn't have a
clue about what is meant, but afterward learns from the older prostitutes and
the pimps how to be seductive and how to perform.
Dr. Zalkin is familiar with the phenomenon. He
pulls a book by an American researcher from one of the shelves. The entire
volume is about Jewish organizations that rounded up Jewish girls and sold them
into prostitution. Zalkin says he can map the network of Jewish brothels in
19th-century Eastern Europe, but immediately reneges.
"That plum I won't give you," he
says with pleasure.
RUBLES AND JEWELRY
One of the major episodes in which a Jewish
criminal organization was involved occurred in Vilna in February 1923. It
received unusual coverage in the local Yiddish paper. For four consecutive days
the paper's lead stories dealt with the events.
A Jewish gang that called itself the
"Gold Flag" kidnapped a boy from a wealthy family for ransom.
According to the police, the man behind the kidnapping, Berl Kravitz, had belonged to the Capone gang in the United States
a few years earlier. Zelig Levinson,
the head of Gold Flag, gave the green light for the operation to proceed
despite objections by some of the gang's members.
The kidnap victim was Yossele Leibovitch, a student in the Hebrew Gymnasium in Vilna.
His father was a money lender. The kidnapping was done by Abba Vitkin and his assistant Reuven Kantor. The two grabbed Yossele
as he left school, bundling him into a peasant cart. The ransom note sent to
the family declared: "Money or death." The kidnappers demanded 15,000
rubles plus gold, diamonds and pearls in return for the boy.
Yossele was held in Vitkin's house. "The
moment it became clear that a child had been kidnapped, all the forces aligned
themselves against Gold Flag," Zalkin says. "The Jewish community,
the police ~ everyone cooperated." A wave of arrests followed. Finally the
gang decided that enough was enough and returned the boy to his neighborhood.
That same day the headline of the local paper
was "How the kidnapped boy was returned." The sub-headline, Zalkin
says, translating from the Yiddish, was "Yossele Leibovitch's own story;
12 arrested, including the member of the Capone gang in America; how the child
kidnapper was caught."
The next day the paper's lead story described
how the police reached the kidnappers. The headline of March 1 revealed that
"Gold Flag planned to kidnap another child."
The rival organization to Gold Flag was the
"Brothers Society," the federation of the Jewish thieves in Vilna ~
they even had a secretary who represented the society vis-a-vis the community's
institutions.
Zalkin says:
”One of the society's missions was to provide legal assistance to members that were arrested and placed on trial, and to smuggle people who were wanted by the police out of the city. The Brothers Society was known for the original names its members were given ~ such as "Yankele the Pipe," "Avraham the Anarchist," "Tall Elinke" and "Arka Moneybags."
"The
thieves and criminals were part of the local folklore, part of the daily
reality. The Jewish underworld was also reflected in song, in literature
and in the press," Zalkin says as he takes out a book of old folk songs
and recites one of them.
"There is music for it, too," he
says. "Here, this song tells about someone whose mother is a thief and
whose father is a thief, whose sister does what she does and whose brother is a
smuggler."
Looking up from the page, Zalkin explains that
historians ascribe great importance to folk songs. "They spring from the
actual situation, they are very authentic, a very important way to express
social feelings."
A report dated February 1905 from the Hebrew paper Hazman ("The Time"), which was published in Vilna, sheds light on one of the sophisticated methods of operation of the Jewish criminals. They seem to have had no shame. According to the item, Gershon Sirota, one of the world's leading cantors, was robbed.
"They did steal clothing and other items," the paper states, adding that the thieves let it be known to the cantor that they were ready to return the property, on one condition: "That he pay them a ransom of 25 rubles in cash and pray in the synagogue twice out of turn ... Because the prayer leader has been stingy with prayers and thus their profits were reduced and they couldn't make money."
Zalkin explains:
"They wanted something very precise from him. The thieves asked Sirota to give cantorial concerts in midweek, because on Shabbat people didn't bring their wallets with them to the synagogue, and the thieves needed a crowd with wallets and purses. The two concerts in fact took place, the pickpockets had plenty of work and the cantor's property was returned to him."
SCHOOL FOR THIEVES
Vilna was not an exceptional hothouse of
crime. Organizations like Gold Flag and the Brothers Society operated also in
Warsaw, Odessa, Bialystok and Lvov. Zalkin explains the context: The late 19th
and early 20th century were bad years, in which the Jews of Eastern Europe did
their best simply to survive.
People didn't know where their next meal was
coming from, whole families were crowded into cellars the size of a regular
room. Masses of people lived from hand to mouth. Whoever could, emigrated,
mainly to America. Between 1888 and the outbreak of World War I, in 1914, two million
Jews from Eastern Europe moved to America.
These people were driven not by great
ideologies
but by sheer want.
At the same time, though,
the want nourished the ideologies.
"For days on end I was genuinely
hungry," Ben-Zion Dinur
(1884-1973), a historian who was Israel's education minister from 1951-1955,
wrote in his autobiography, "In a World that Declined." Poverty and a
sense of hopelessness were fertile ground for people searching for a detour en
route to making a living.
"People realized that they had little
prospect of advancing on the normal track," Zalkin notes.
"The major catalyst for the consolidation of the Jewish criminal organizations was poverty, poverty so profound that there was no chance to break out of it. The Jews had it even harder, because they were a minority within a majority that placed restrictions on them."
Until World War I, however, Jews had been a
key element in the population of Eastern Europe. "From a certain point of
view, these were Jewish cities," Zalkin explains. "For example, 50
percent of the residents of Vilna were Jews.
Because most of the cities had a large Jewish population, it follows that the percentage of Jews involved in crime was also [proportionately] high. The biggest gangster in Odessa, a huge city, was none other than Benya Krik" ~ the same one from the title of the book by the Soviet-Jewish author Isaac Babel: "Benya Krik, The Gangster, and Other Stories."
Because most of the cities had a large Jewish population, it follows that the percentage of Jews involved in crime was also [proportionately] high. The biggest gangster in Odessa, a huge city, was none other than Benya Krik" ~ the same one from the title of the book by the Soviet-Jewish author Isaac Babel: "Benya Krik, The Gangster, and Other Stories."
Jews could be found at almost all levels of
underworld activity, from the individual thief to gangs that numbered more than
100 members. The large organizations operated in the cities, which they divided
into sectors among themselves.
Each organization had a charter, a clear
hierarchy and internal courts, and its work was divided according to different
areas, such as theft, protection money, prostitution, pick-pocketing and
murder.
The art of crime was treated seriously, as it
was a major source of livelihood for many people. Between the world wars the
idea was even raised of establishing a school for thieves in Vilna. It's not
known if the idea was put into practice.
In 19th-century Russia the best place to rob
people was on the roads. There weren't enough policemen and there were a great
many forests. The convoys that traveled the roads were easy pickings.
Saul Ginzburg, one of the important
historians of Russian Jewry, describes groups of Jewish thieves, whom he calls
"toughs and predators." After the heist the thieves slipped away into
the woods. A typical gang of roadside robbers numbered between 10 and 15 men,
who provided for themselves and their families by means of their booty.
One of the most famous roadmen, Dan Barzilai, a Jew by all accounts,
who ran a well-known gang of thieves in the Warsaw area, was captured in 1874.
His gang had 27 members, 14 of them Jews. They descended upon estates around
Warsaw and attacked merchants' coaches on the roads, making off with furs,
jewelry and horses.
A Polish researcher found statements made by
the accused men after their arrest, as preserved in the files of the police.
The statement by the accused, Yaakov
Yankel, began as follows: "I am Yaakov Yankel from the city of
Yanov. My mother Leah is still alive, my father died six years ago. I am 24
years old."
Yankel went on to describe the robbery in the
wake of which he was apprehended, along with seven of his accomplices:
"We were standing in the forest next to Glokhov, without going onto the road. We left the wagons in the forest, and two of us, Hershak the wagoner and Shlomke, and we eight went by foot to the estate. Dan and Lieber had three pairs of pistols and wore masks ... First they started to smash windows ... We stayed there for about an hour and filled up three bags with things and then went to the wagons."
Mordechai Zalkin has spent much of the past 13
years burrowing in Eastern European archives. They are his laboratory, the
place where he looks for the remote margins of Jewish history and brings them
to life in his academic work.
"When I work in an archive in Eastern Europe, and it doesn't matter whether it's in St. Petersburg or Moscow, one of the things that interests me is the collection of police files," he says. "What used to be classified intelligence files are now open. The police collected information as part of their work, and when I open the files, from 150 years ago, I find detailed reports about Jewish criminals. The archives have enough material for 100 historians and for 100 years, and even then they won't finish."
Zalkin is respectful of every document he
finds. "This, for example, is a document from 1820, from the archives in
Lithuania," he says, holding it up. It's a leaflet, in Yiddish and Polish,
published by the rabbinical and political leaderships of one of the Jewish
communities, threatening a boycott of anyone who engages in smuggling or gives
shelter to smugglers.
"At that time the Jews smuggled everything that moved and in some places the Russian authorities pressured the leaders to take action before they intervened," Zalkin relates. "A leaflet like this shows that smuggling was a concrete social phenomenon that characterized the Jewish community, not a marginal issue."
The task of reconstruction is long and arduous
and ridden with disappointments. It's only rarely that a lead turns up that can
be followed, in the form of the description of an event in the local press, a
detail from a book, a document of a Jewish community. This triggers an
exhausting search for additional details and cross-references, with the
constant expectation of the moment at which the picture will begin to clarify
itself and metamorphose into a coherent story. "In the end it's all
stories," Zalkin says. "We historians, like journalists, are always
after a good story."
The most exciting moments in the archives are
not necessarily related to Zalkin's specific field of research. Holocaust
survivors and relatives of Zalkin who know about his work in Eastern Europe
often ask him to look for information about their families. One woman, for
example, furnished him with information about her older brother, who was a
student at the university in Kovno, was taken away by the Nazis and never heard
from again. "I knew which university he attended, so I was able to find
his student file," Zalkin says. "I brought the whole file to Israel,
including letters he wrote, certificates and a photograph of him. It is very
moving to hold a file like that in one's hands."
THE HAGANAH CONNECTION
The Jewish mobsters in the United States are
far more widely known than those of Eastern Europe and have been the subjects
of quite a few films and books. The gangsters Bugsy Siegel and Meyer
Lansky have become legendary figures.
Ten years ago Prof. Robert Rockaway, from the department of Jewish history at Tel Aviv
University, published the first important study of these criminal organizations
(in English: "But He Was Good to His Mother: The Lives and Crimes of
Jewish Gangsters," Gefen Publishing House, paperback edition, 2000).
According to Rockaway's findings, the vast
majority of the Jewish criminals in America were from Eastern Europe or the
sons of immigrants from there. They did not continue a tradition of crime, but
created a home-grown tradition in their new homeland.
Generally, the reason for their criminal
activity was not to obtain bread, but butter.
Most of the Jewish criminals in the U.S. were from working-class families and grasped at a very early age that hard work was not a recipe for economic advancement. They didn't have capital to invest, and the underworld offered a way to get rich quick.
.
Most of the Jewish criminals in the U.S. were from working-class families and grasped at a very early age that hard work was not a recipe for economic advancement. They didn't have capital to invest, and the underworld offered a way to get rich quick.
.
Jews were among the biggest criminals in the
U.S. at the beginning of the last century. "In terms of crime they did
everything," Rockaway says. "Drugs, murder, smuggling alcohol. They
had no limits. A Jew, Arnold Rothstein,
was the head of the New York underworld in the 1920s. He created the largest
gambling empire the U.S. had ever seen until then. He controlled most of the
gangs in New York, including drugs and liquor. Rothstein was the first
entrepreneur in the U.S. who created a well-oiled organization to smuggle liquor
during Prohibition."
ED Noor: The criminal Bronfman family from
Quebec, Canada, now movie moguls, upper end alcohol distillers, major Zionist
movers and shakers, were most likely involved in this endeavour.
Another Jew, Abner Zwillman, ruled the crime syndicate in New Jersey for 30
years from his Newark base. As a boy he acquired the nickname "Der
Langer," "the Tall One" in Yiddish, or "Longy" in the
Jersey version.
Together with another Jew, Joseph Reinfeld, he ran the largest
and most profitable contraband organization in the U.S. The two imported about
40 percent of the alcohol that entered the country during the Prohibition era.
U.S. Treasury officials stated that between 1926 and 1933 Zwillman took in more
than $40 million from his smuggling operation (more than half-a-billion dollars
in today's terms). He translated his vast economic clout into political power.
In the 1940s, the mayor of Newark, three of his deputies and four city
councilmen needed his approval to get the nod for their posts.
Jewish-American gangsters also helped in the
struggle for Israel's creation during the 1940s. In his book, Rockaway
describes how an emissary of the pre- state Haganah defense organization (the
forerunner of the Israel Defense Forces) approached Meyer Lansky, one of the
major players in the crime scene in America, and with his intervention,
shipments of weapons and military equipment were smuggled out of New York
harbor, bound for Palestine.
Lansky wasn't the only one. According to
Rockaway, other Jews from the underworld donated tens of thousands of dollars
to the Haganah.
SHMUEL ISSER'S BUNKER
Members of the Jewish underworld are absent
from the well-known narrative of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising in 1943, but were
involved in the day-to-day life of the ghetto, and their connection to the
Jewish underground groups during the uprising is a fascinating episode.
The Nazi Aktion to liquidate the ghetto was
launched on the eve of Passover, 1943. When the Nazis encountered resistance
they used flamethrowers to set fire systematically to building after building
in the ghetto. On May 8 they uncovered the central bunker of the Jewish
Fighting Organization, at 18 Mila Street. What is less known is that this
symbol of tenacity of the revolt, the fighters' headquarters, where the
commander of the uprising, Mordechai
Anielewicz, fought until his death, belonged to the Jewish criminal Shmuel Isser.
Prof. Israel
Gutman from the Yad Vashem Holocaust remembrance authority, who took
part in the Warsaw Ghetto uprising as a boy of 15, doesn't remember Isser.
"I can't say that I spoke with a character like that," Gutman says.
"The underground was an ideological body which didn't have anything to do
with people like that."
On the other hand, Gutman definitely
acknowledges the contribution of underworld types to the life of the community
in the ghetto.
"The criminal organizations in the ghetto were somehow able to create an important mode of existence," he says. "The ghetto lived from smuggling ~ above the wall, through the gates by cajoling the police, under the wall. The property that remained in the hands of the Jews was transferred to the other side [of the wall], and that is what the criminal organizations dealt in. It was a highly organized business."
As for the fighting against the Nazis, Gutman
says, the criminal groups "played a minimal role. Their main involvement
was in smuggling, which was the ghetto's key to life. They also employed a
great many assistants. There was an underground economy in the ghetto ~
workshops, small, illegal factories, which created a survival base for quite a
few people in the ghetto. The economic foundation that those organizations
created helped support the community's existence."
In his book on the Jews of Warsaw during the
war years, Gutman estimates that 80 percent of the ghetto's foodstuffs were
smuggled in.
The professional smugglers ~ a euphemism for
underworld figures ~ lived a debauched life in the ghetto. They made a great
deal of money very quickly and became the social elite. They brought in luxury
items such as sweets or other goods that earned them large profits.
In the book, Gutman quotes one person's
testimony:
"The smugglers had enormous revenues ... most of them accumulated millions. The smugglers were the richest class in the ghetto and were glaringly set apart from the gray, meager and hungry Jewish quarter. The easy profits and the uncertainty about tomorrow led the smugglers to spend all their spare time drinking, visiting night clubs and in the company of women."
In the end, the admired fighters and the
members of the underworld linked up.
Based on their ideological approach, the members of the Jewish Fighting Organization did not build bunkers. Their basic assumption was that they would fight to the end, so no withdrawal or escape routes were planned (the other underground group in the ghetto, the Jewish Military Organization, led by the Revisionists, built a protected, well-equipped bunker with an underground passage out of the ghetto).
Based on their ideological approach, the members of the Jewish Fighting Organization did not build bunkers. Their basic assumption was that they would fight to the end, so no withdrawal or escape routes were planned (the other underground group in the ghetto, the Jewish Military Organization, led by the Revisionists, built a protected, well-equipped bunker with an underground passage out of the ghetto).
When the members of the Jewish Fighting
Organization found that they could no longer move about and hide aboveground,
because of the Germans' flamethrowers, they had no choice but to take cover in
underground bunkers. The largest and best equipped of these fortified sites
were those of the underworld.
According to Havi Ben Sasson, 32, a doctoral student who works at the
International School for Holocaust Studies at Yad Vashem, the Jewish criminal
organizations were part of the Warsaw landscape. In the course of a few hours
of archival research and reading of testimonies, she was able to come up with a
great deal of information:
"At Mila 18, which became one of the symbols of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising, a concrete connection existed between the Jewish underworld and the Jewish Fighting Organization," Ben Sasson says.
"In fact, that bunker was built by and
belonged to people from the Warsaw underworld. It was a huge shelter, with a
number of rooms, a power hookup and even a well for water. Tremendous amounts
of food were stored there, which the underworld was able to bring into the
ghetto, thanks to its connections with the Polish underworld."
The leader of the bunker was Shmuel Isser, Ben
Sasson says. He dealt mainly in the production of illegal goods, which were
smuggled out of the ghetto.
"We have a number of testimonies about this from fighters who survived," she notes. "Those who succeeded in getting out of the bunker definitely say that the bunker belonged to people of the underworld and that the fighters were received there like princes. Shmuel Isser's bunker was intended to hold his family, which numbered between 80 and 100 people. It was one of the best equipped bunkers in the ghetto.
"Every self-respecting bunker made sure it had weapons for self-defense, and the members of the underworld were definitely self-respecting, so I have no doubt that weapons were stored there, too. That was why the Jewish Fighting Organization chose Mila 18. What happened was that the people of the underworld let the people of the underground into their bunker. According to testimonies, the underworld people also served as guides for the fighters. They were familiar with the ghetto even after it was burned and its form changed."
FALSE IMAGE
This is actually a war of images. Dr. Zalkin
wants to draw us a different social portrait. He says:
"What interests me is the ordinary person. I am not interested so much in the great rabbis and the philosophers. I am interested in the society, the people. My studies go in that direction. As a social historian, I map and classify the society.When I came to all the places that have to do with the social history of the Jews in the 19th century and in the period between the world wars, I didn't have to go looking for crime. It was simply there, leaping up everywhere."
In his Jerusalem home Zalkin has a large
collection of books on crime. Criminals would never believe how much has been
written about them. He himself isn't sure what attracts him to these dark
corners ~ to these dubious, often violent, characters.
"The assumption among researchers is that
your field of study doesn't necessary say anything about your
inclinations," Zalkin says evasively, but adds an argument that is both
very mainstream and very provocative.
"In my view, what shapes the great historical processes is not the great figures, but the masses. You can ask of any historical study why it is important. Why is it important to study Moses Mendelssohn, or David Ben-Gurion?
"In my opinion, historical research is vastly important for shaping the contemporary consciousness of the society. What I want to say is that beyond my interest as a historian, the contribution of this research lies in understanding that, with all respect to us, the image that all the Jewish children went to heder [religious school] and studied Torah and were great religious scholars is mistaken or invented. My argument is that the Jews were a normal society."
"If this conversation had taken place before World War II, that argument would not have surprised anyone. Jewish society knew itself. "After the Holocaust," Zalkin says, "there was an inclination to view the Jewish world through a rosier prism.
Zionist historiography had a vested interest
in drawing a distinction between the `new Jew,' the pioneer-farmer, and the
wretched, pale ghetto Jew who studied in the yeshiva and was a moneylender. The
image today is that they were all righteous and saintly. But it just wasn't
so."
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Very detailed!
ReplyDelete- Aangirfan
Good stuff!
ReplyDeleteSeeing as I just read Robert Friedman's excellent book detailing the magnitude of the modern Jewish Mafiya in the USA, it was of great interest to read a more historical account of the jewish criminal.
Thanks for posting!
Great, great piece Noor!
ReplyDeleteA snitch is known in the Orthodox community as a "mosser" - sometimes spelled moser.
ReplyDeleteThese quotes are from a Jewish site
"A moser is a snitch (informant)."
"mosser(give over) is a informer who gives over to non jews(simple def)."
"You may, or are even possibly obligated to, kill a moser"
http://www.theyeshivaworld.com/coffeeroom/topic/mesira
From another blog:
"An Orthodox Rabbi engaged in behavior that was at best ethically dubious, he got caught, and Yeshiva World News is complaining that fellow Jews reported on him.Centuries ago, one of the worst things a Jew could be was a “mosser,” a term generally translated as “informer” but more accurately rendered as a “snitch.” A mosser was someone who reported the transgressions of other Jews to the non-Jewish government. In an era when pogroms could occur on the flimsiest pretext and where Jews handled most legal matters internally, this was a reasonable stance. However, this has not been the case for hundreds of years in most of the world, and has never been the case in the United States. Yet, here in the United States in 2009, we have an Orthodox Jewish publication criticizing Jews for reporting clearly inappropriate behavior out of concern that such reporting will lead to increased anti-Semitism. This position is both reprehensible and short-sighted. I know what will lead to increased anti-Semitism: Non-Jews learning that a substantial part of the Jewish community considers itself so divorced from the civic life of the United States that it thinks that people who report the failures of government employees are worthy of death."
http://religionsetspolitics.blogspot.com/2009/06/yeshiva-world-news-creates-anti-semites.html